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Anatomy Test Block III > Foregut > Flashcards

Foregut Flashcards

1
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum

A

embryological remnant of the yolk sac that does not close; could have feces coming out belly button or notice it’s always wet; have to rule this out in apendicitis

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2
Q

omphalocele

A

failure of GI tract to retract into the abdominal cavity results in failure of the abdominal wall to close; needs surgical correction

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3
Q

Foramen of winslow aka epiploic foramen

A

the opening beneath the free edge (right side) of the ventral mesentery or lesser omentum

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4
Q

greater omentum

A

aprom mostly made of fat for protection and energy

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5
Q

How is the connection with the posterior wall maintained?

A

transverse mesocolon

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6
Q

intraperitoneal

A

organs that are wrapped in visceral peritoneum; free floating in abdomen

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7
Q

retroperitoneal

A

organs outside of the peritoneum

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8
Q

primary retroperitoneal

A

Organs that developed against the back wall behind the peritoneum

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9
Q

Secondary retroperitoneal

A

organs that started w/ vesceral peritoneum but lost it when theym moved back

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10
Q

__ umbilical vein and ___ umbilical arteries

A

1 umbilical vein 2 umbilical arteries. the arteries are the medial umbilical folds

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11
Q

What structure is the obliterated umbilical vein?

A

ligamentum teres - the free edge of the falciform ligament

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12
Q

falciform ligament is ?

A

ventral mesentery

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13
Q

the lesser omentum or ventral mesentery is made up of what two ligaments?

A

hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligament

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14
Q

what portion of the stomach empties into the sphinctor?

A

pylorus

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15
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

where the esophagus meets the stomach

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16
Q

foregut blood supply is from what a.?

A

celiac trunk: 3 main branches being l. gastric, splenic and common hepatic

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17
Q

left gastric supplies

A

left side of lesser curvature of stomach

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18
Q

splenic a supplies

A

spleen and branches to supply fundus of stomach and left side of greater curvature (l. gastroepiploic)

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19
Q

common hepatic supplies

A

divides into hepatic proper and gastroduodenal. hepatic proper into r. and l. hepatic, r. hepatic branches to cystic to supply gallbladder. gastroduodenal gives off r. gastroepiploic. hepatic proper gives off right gastric to supply r. side of lesser curvature

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20
Q

Describe the parasympathetic innervation of CN X

A

the vagus nerves form a plexus on the esophagus then branch to anterior and posterior trunks which catch rides on blood vessels to the organs; (post ganglionics are w/i organ)

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21
Q

What all does CN X supply parasympathetics to?

A

mid gut and hind gut -

all of the gut down to the splenic flexure

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22
Q

What give parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut?

A

S2-4

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23
Q

What provides sympathetics to the abdominal organs through the preaortic ganglia?

A

thoracic and lumbar splanchnics

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24
Q

thoracic splanchnics

A

(greater, lesser, least) enter through the diaphragm and synapse on preaortic ganglia, and postganlgionics catch a ride of the blood vessels

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25
Q

lumbar splanchnics

A

sympathetics come off chain ganglia

26
Q

pelvic splanchnics

A

parasympathetics

27
Q

Parasympathetics of S2-4 come off as what?

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

28
Q

Describe the path of the parasympathetics of S2-4

A

the hypogastric plexus (continuation of preaortics in pelvis) sends preganglionics along inferior mes as pelvic splanchnics to supply the descending and sigmoid colon and rectum which is where the postganglionics are

29
Q

What is the largest collection of sympathetics in the preaortic ganglia?

A

celiac ganglia - right beside celiac trunk

30
Q

R. and L hypogastric nerves

A

send sympathetics to the pelvic organs and how you get parasympathetics S2-4 out of the pelvis

31
Q

atrophic gastritis

A

stomach is smooth instead of rugated and have problems w/ no HA production

32
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

hypertrophied pylorus; pathonumonic feature is projectile vomiting and feels like walnut in empigastrium

33
Q

What regulates discharge of food bolus into the duodenum?

A

pyloric sphincter

34
Q

Quatrate and caudate lobe belong to which lobe of the liver?

A

left - supplied by left hepatic a.

35
Q

Where do hepatic veins drain?

A

into IVC

36
Q

What makes up the portal triad/porta hepatis?

A

hepatic a.; portal vein; bile duct

37
Q

ligamentum venosum is a remnant of what?

A

ductus venosus; bypass around the liver

38
Q

ligamentum teres is a remant of what

A

umbilical vein

39
Q

Where is the portal triad located?

A

in the hepatoduodenal ligament which is the free margin of the lesser omentum/ventral mes

40
Q

what surrounds the portal triad?

A

autonomic nerves that are going up into the liver

41
Q

what type of organ is the pancreas?

A

mostly retroperitoneal

42
Q

what type of organ is the duodenum?

A

the c loop is intraperitoneal then becomes retroperitoneal (so head of it you can move around)

43
Q

Where does the head of the pancreas sit?

A

C loop of duodenum

44
Q

Where is the sup. mes. a. located in terms of parts of the pancreas?

A

b/w the body and uncinate process

45
Q

the uncinate process of the pancreas (deep to vessels) is made from what?

A

ventral pancreatic bud

46
Q

What is a good predisposition for gallstones?

A

5 fs: fare, fat, female, flatulent, fertile

47
Q

Where does the bile duct drain?

A

into the C loop of duodenum through ampula of vater

48
Q

What does the bile duct join with to drain into ampula of vater ?

A

main pancreatic duct

49
Q

Where is the ampula of vater

A

always distal to opening of the accessory pancreatic duct

50
Q

What surrounds the ampula of vater?

A

sphincter of Oddi

51
Q

Why is cancer of the pancrease so bad?

A

it can grow w/i pain b/c lots of room; hard to palpate b/c deep;

52
Q

how would you get painless jaundice w/ pancreatic cancer?

A

a tumor in the head of pancreas can obstruct the bile duct so bilirubin would dump into circulation (jaudice from gallstone is painful)

53
Q

How could you get ischemia from cancer of the pancreas?

A

cancer in head of pancraeas could occule the mesenteric vessels causing down stream ischemia

54
Q

diaphragm

A

somatic muscle w/ central tendon; attached at costal margin all the way around from zyphoid to T12

55
Q

where do the greater/lesser/least splnachnic nerves travel through the diaphragm?

A

through the muscle itself (along w/ phrenic n. and sympathetic chains)

56
Q

What are the 3 hiati and their order in the diaphragm?

A

IVC foramen (highest), esophageal hiatus then aortic hiatus

57
Q

what travels through the esophageal hiatus?

A

esophagus and vagus nerves

58
Q

what travels through the aortic hiatus?

A

aorta and azygous system and thoracic duct

59
Q

what ligaments surround the aortic hiatus?

A

r. crus and left crus

60
Q

medial and lateral arcuate ligaments

A

medial: for psoas major
lateral: for quadratus lumborum

61
Q

hiatal hernia

A

if esophageal hiatus is lax and cardiac region of stomach protrude up through it and lose the ability to retain stomach acids

Anatomy Test Block III (5 decks)

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