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Lecture Unit 1 > Microscopy > Flashcards

Microscopy Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is a millimeter?
A

1 thousandth of a meter (1m / 1,000)
10-3meter
denoted by mm

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2
Q
  1. What is a micrometer?
A

1 millionth of a meter (1m / 1,000,000)
10-6meter
denoted by µm

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3
Q
  1. What is a nanometer?
A

1 billionth of a meter (1m / 1,000,000,000)
10-9meter
denoted by nm

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4
Q
  1. What is 1 meter equivalent to in millimeters?
A

1m = 1,000mm

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5
Q
  1. What is 1 meter equivalent to in micrometers?
A

1m = 1,000,000µm

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6
Q
  1. What is 1 meter equivalent to in nanometers?
A

1m = 1,000,000,000nm

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7
Q
  1. What is 1mm equivalent to in µm ?
A

1mm = 1,000µm

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8
Q
  1. What is 1mm equivalent to in nm ?
A

1mm = 1,000,000nm

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9
Q
  1. What is 1µm equivalent to in nm?
A

1µm = 1,000nm

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10
Q
  1. What size are Bacteria?
A

Bacteria are about 1µm or smaller
1 millionth of a meter
10-6meter

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11
Q
  1. What size are viruses?
A

Viruses are about 1nm
1 billionth of a meter
10-9meter

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12
Q
  1. How many Viruses could fit into one Bacterium?
A

1,000 Viruses could fit into 1 Bacterium

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13
Q
  1. What are the two commonly used types of microscopes?
A

Simple and Compound

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14
Q
  1. How many lenses does each microscope have?
A

Simple has one (ocular)

Compound has one or more (ocular plus objective)

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15
Q
  1. Give an example of a compound microscope.
A

Brightfield

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16
Q
  1. What are the different types of compound microscopes?
A

Light microscope and Electron microscope

17
Q
  1. What type of microscope is used to look at large objects?
A

Dissecting microscope

18
Q
  1. When is a brightfield microscope used?
A

a. It is used for looking at live organisms with no stain.

b. It can also be used for stained tissues

19
Q
  1. When is darkfield illumination needed?
A

a. It is used for live organisms with no stain.

b. It is also used to look at fluorescent organisms.

20
Q
  1. What is Phase Contrast Microscopy used for?
A

Used for seeing organelles in live organisms, 2D

21
Q
  1. What is Differential Interference Contrast used for?
A

Used for seeing organelles in live organisms in three dimensions

22
Q
    1. Describe Fluorescence Microscopy
A

Cells are stained with fluorescent dyes (called fluorochromes). UV Light is shined on the specimen. Fluorescent substances absorb UV light and emit visible light

23
Q
  1. What is difference between regular microscopes and Transmission Electron Microscopes?
A

Transmission Electron Microscopes have a much higher resolution than regular microscopes.

24
Q
  1. Are cells live or dead with a Transmission Electron Microscope
A

You can only view dead cells under the transmission electron microscope.

25
Q
  1. What is the difference between a Scanning Electron Microscope and a transmission electron microscope?
A

Scanning Electron Microscope has a very high resolution like a transmission electron microscope except it makes images in three dimensions.

26
Q
  1. What happens in a Scanning Probe Microscope and how does it affect the color?
A

Scanning Probe Microscope passes a scan over the specimen, line by line. The surface dimensions are recorded and sent to a computer, which shows the image in false color.

27
Q
  1. Brightfield microscopy:
    Are cells live or dead?
    Are cells stained?
    How does the object and background appear?
A

Brightfield-
Cells are dead.
Stain is used
Dark objects are visible against a bright background

28
Q 
29.	Darkfield microscopy: 
Are cells live or dead?
Are cells stained?
How does the object and background appear?
What cell structures can be seen?
A

Darkfield-
Cells are live
No stain is used
Light objects are visible against dark background-Can see cilia and flagella (signs of motility)

29
Q 
30.	Phase-Contrast
Are cells live or dead?
Are cells stained?
Are images three dimensional?
What cell structures can be seen?
A 
Phase-Contrast-
Cells are live 
No stain is used
Not three-dimensional
Can see cilia and flagella (signs of motility) more clearly than darkfield
30
Q 
31.	DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE  CONTRAST
Are cells live or dead?
Are cells stained?
Are images three dimensional?
What cell structures can be seen?

How is resolution?

A 
DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE  CONTRAST-
Cells are live
No stain is used
Shows three dimensions
Can see cilia and flagella (signs of motility) more clearly than darkfield or phase contrast
Best resolution for live cells
31
Q
  1. FLUORESCENCE
    Are cells live or dead?
    Are cells stained?
    When is this used?
A

FLUORESCENCE-
Cells are dead
Stain is fluorescent dye- creates visible light
Quick dx of TB & Syphilis

32
Q 
1.	TRANSMISSION ELECTRON
Are cells live or dead?
Are cells stained?
Are images three dimensional?
What cell structures can be seen?
How is resolution?
A 
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON- 
Cells are dead
Stain with heavy metal salts is used
Images are not 3D
Can see organelles in cells
Best resolution of all microscopes
33
Q
  1. SCANNING ELECTRON
    Are cells live or dead?
    Are images three dimensional?
    What structures can be seen?
A

SCANNING ELECTRON-
Cells are dead
Images are 3D
Surface view only

34
Q
  1. SCANNING PROBE
    Describe how it works
    What are 2 drawbacks?
A

SCANNING PROBE-
Specimen is scanned, image is sent to computer-Drawback: Slower in acquiring images
Drawback: Max image size is smaller

Lecture Unit 1 (6 decks)

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