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PMLS FINALS > Microscopy > Flashcards

Microscopy Flashcards

1
Q

involves the performance of scientific analysis on body fluids other than blood

A

Clinical microscopy

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2
Q

most readily available and easily collected indicator of the body’s many metabolic functions

A

Urine

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3
Q

testing of urine with procedures commonly performed in an expeditious, reliable, accurate, safe, and cost-effective manner.” - Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI

A

urinalysis

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4
Q

diagnosis of disease, screening asymptomatic populations for undetected disorders,
monitoring the progress of disease, effectiveness of therapy

A

main reasons for performing urinalysis according to CLSI

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5
Q

urine samples collected through this method are less contaminated by epithelial cells and bacteria.

A

Midstream Clean-Catch Method

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6
Q

Female patients should separate the labia and clean the __
and surrounding area in midstream clean catch method

A

urinary meatus

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7
Q

Male patients should clean the __. For uncircumcised patients,
they should withdraw the __

A

glans penis, foreskin

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8
Q

To examine this characteristic of urine, examine the specimen under a good light source, looking down through the container against a white background

A

color

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9
Q

straw, pale yellow, yellow, dark yellow, & amber
(relatively dehydrated states)

A

Normal urine color

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10
Q

Responsible for the YELLOW color of urine

A

Urochrome

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11
Q

a PINK pigment most evident in REFRIGERATED
SPECIMENS as a result of amorphous urates precipitation

A

Uroerythrin

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12
Q

Imparts an ORANGE-BROWN color to urine samples that are not fresh

A

Urobilin

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13
Q

Refers to the TRANSPARENCY / TURBIDITY of a urine specimen

A

Clarity

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14
Q

will correspond to the amount of material observed during microscopic examination

A

amount of turbidity

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15
Q

visually examine the specimen in a clear container while holding it in front of a light source.

A

Clarity

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16
Q

Urine has no visible particulates, transparent

A

Clear

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17
Q

Urine has few particulates, print easily seen through urine

A

Hazy

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18
Q

Urine has many particulates, print blurred through urine

A

Cloudy

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19
Q

Print cannot be seen through urine

A

Turbid

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20
Q

May precipitate or be clotted

A

Milky

21
Q

indicator of the concentration of dissolved material in the urine

A

Specific Gravity

22
Q

affected both by number and size of particles in the solution

A

Specific Gravity

23
Q

Direct measurement using urinometers (specific gravity)

A

Hydrometer

24
Q

Indirect measurement which measures refractive index of the urine sample (specific gravity)

A

refractometer

25
Q

Not part of routine urinalysis, only an incidental observation

A

Odor (Incidental characteristic/ observation)

26
Q

normal odor of urine

A

aromatic odor

27
Q

Bacterial decomposition, UTI

A

foul, ammonia-like odor

28
Q

Ketones (Diabetes mellitus, starvation, and vomiting)

A

fruity, sweet odor

29
Q

Maple syrup urine disease

A

maple syrup odor

30
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

mousy odor

31
Q

Tyrosinemia

A

rancid odor

32
Q

Isovaleric acidemia

A

sweaty feet odor

33
Q

Methionine malabsorption

A

cabbage odor

34
Q

Trimethylaminuria

A

rotting fish odor

35
Q

Contamination

A

bleach odor

36
Q

ingestion of onions, garlic, and asparagus (of genetically predisposed people, asparagus)

A

unusual or pungent

37
Q

Chemical parameters (and specific gravity) of urine samples are routinely assessed
using

A

reagent strip/urine strip

38
Q

consist of chemical-impregnated absorbent pads attached to a plastic strip

A

reagent strip/urine strip

39
Q

A color-producing chemical reaction takes place when the absorbent pad
comes in contact with urine

A

reagent strips/urine strips

40
Q

Reactions are interpreted by comparing the color produced on the pad with
a chart supplied by the manufacturer

A

reagent strips/urine strips

41
Q

specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, ketones, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite, leukocyte esterase,

A

parameters in reagent strips

42
Q

Centrifugation of urine sample
o Decantation of supernatant liquid
o Aspiration of 20 µL (some labs use one or two drops) of urine sediments and
placement of the aspirated sample on top of a glass slide
o A cover slip is then placed on top of the slide before microscopic observation

A

Microscopic Examination of Urine (Preparation)

43
Q

Both the low power objective and the high power objectives are used

A

microscopic examination

44
Q

assessed elements in microscopic examination of urine

A

Cellular elements, urinary crystals, casts , mucus threads, bacteria, other miscellaneous elements

45
Q

Red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells (normal
and pathologic variations)

A

Cellular elements

46
Q
  • Only elements found in the urinary sediment that are unique to the
    kidney
A

casts

47
Q

Formed within the kidney (lumens of the distal convoluted tubule and
collecting ducts)

A

Casts

48
Q

Other miscellaneous elements

A

Yeast cells, parasites, spermatozoa

PMLS FINALS (6 decks)

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