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PMLS FINALS > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

an organism completely depending on another
organism (host) for shelter and nourishment.

A

parasite

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2
Q

benefits from the relationship while
the host is harmed.

A

parasite

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3
Q

medically important parasites, at least those that are commonly isolated, are classified into
two:

A

protozoans, helminths

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4
Q

Eukaryotic, unicellular non-photosynthetic organism

A

Protozoans

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5
Q

Protozoans kingdom and domain?

A

Kingdom Protista, Domain Eukarya

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6
Q

Utilizes pseudopods (false feet) for locomotion

A

Amoeba

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7
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A

Amoeba

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8
Q

Equipped with whip-like structures called the flagella which aid the
parasite in locomotion

A

Flagellates

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9
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

Flagellates

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10
Q

Utilizes hair-like structures called cilia for locomotion

A

Balantidium coli

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11
Q

Motile but do not have special organs for locomotion

A

Sporozoans/ Coccidians

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12
Q

Plasmodium species

A

Sporozoans/ Coccidians

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13
Q

Kinds of protozoans?

A

Amoeba, Flagellates, Cilliates, Sporozoans/Coccidians

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14
Q

Helminths are also called

A

Parasitic Worms

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15
Q

Also called the roundworms

A

Nematodes

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16
Q
  • Giant Intestinal Roundworm
  • Nematode
A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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17
Q
  • Whipworm
  • Nematode
A

Trichuris trichiura

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18
Q
  • Old world hookworm
  • Nematodes
A

Ancylostoma duodenale

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19
Q
  • New world hookworm
  • Nematode
A

Necator americanus

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20
Q
  • Threadworm
  • Nematode
A

Strongyloides stercoralis

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21
Q
  • Pinworm, Seatworm
  • Nematodes
A

Enterobius vermicularis

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22
Q

Also called tapeworms

A

Cestodes

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23
Q

pork tapeworm
- cestodes

A

Taenia solium

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24
Q

beef tapeworm
- cestode

A

Taenia saginata

25
Q

Fish broad tapeworm
- cestode

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

26
Q

Also called the flukes

A

Trematodes

27
Q

Flukes that have both female and male sexes in one individual

A

Monoecious flukes

28
Q

Flukes where the sexes are separate

A

Dioecious flukes

29
Q

Sheep liver fluke
- Monoecious flukes

A

Fasciola hepatica

30
Q

Lung Fluke
- Monoecious flukes

A

Paragonimus westermani

31
Q

Examples of blood flukes/dioecious flukes

A

Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mansoni
haematobium

32
Q

In routine fecalysis, there are two types of examinations

A

Macroscopic examination, microscopic examination

33
Q

Observation of Color

A

Macroscopic Examination

34
Q

Normal color in fecalysis

A

Light to dark brown

35
Q

Passage of black , tarry stools are called as

A

melena

36
Q

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (esophagus, stomach,
duodenum)

A

Black, tarry stools

37
Q

Ingestion of iron, charcoal, or bismuth

A

Black, tarry stools

38
Q

Lower GI bleeding (colon, rectum)

A

Bright red stools

39
Q

Medications such as Rifampin and foods including beets

A

Bright red stools

40
Q

Passage of stools with fresh blood due to lower
gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is called as

A

hematochezia

41
Q

are caused by blockage of bile duct or use of
barium sulfate

A

Pale/ Chalky stools

42
Q

are observed in patients taking oral antibiotics and
increased intake of green vegetables or food coloring

A

Green stools

43
Q

are caused by ingestion of milk diet, corn meal, rhubarb
and fats

A

Yellow stools

44
Q

Observation of Stool Consistency

A

Macroscopic Examination

45
Q

Observation of Stool Consistency

A

Watery, Soft, Semi-formed, Formed consistency

46
Q

normal consistency in fecalysis

A

Soft to well-formed

47
Q

Other characteristics in fecalysis not usually noted or reported in a laboratory report

A

quantity, odor, pH

48
Q

Necessary to identify helminth eggs and larvae as well as protozoans

A

Microscopic Examination

49
Q

Routine microscopic examination

A

Direct Fecal Smear

50
Q

 One or two drops of normal saline solution (NSS) is aspirated
and transferred onto a glass slide.
 A clean wooden applicator stick is then used to acquire a
representative portion of the fecal sample.
 The wooden stick (now containing the sample) is then
applied over the NSS to prepare a fecal emulsion. A cover
slip is placed on top followed by microscopic examination

A

Saline wet mount

51
Q

medium used in saline wet count

A

normal saline solution (NSS

52
Q

This kind of stool sample does not need to be mixed with NSS in saline wet mount

A

watery stool samples

53
Q

The solution used in iodine wet mount

A

Lugol’s iodine

54
Q

Best in highlighting details of protozoan cysts, thus, it may aid in
correct identification

A

Iodine wet mount

55
Q

Most frequently performed fecal chemical examination

A

Fecal Occult (Hidden) Blood Testing (FOBT)

56
Q
  • Used to detect “occult” or “hidden” blood that may be present in fecal samples.
A

Fecal Occult (Hidden) Blood Testing (FOBT)

57
Q

any bleeding in excess of ___of stool is PATHOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT and there may be no visible signs of bleeding with
this amount of blood

A

2.5 mL/150 g

58
Q

A mass screening procedure for the early detection of colorectal cancer
- recommended for individuals less than 50 years old

A

Fecal Occult (Hidden) Blood Testing (FOBT)

PMLS FINALS (6 decks)

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