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PMLS FINALS > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

include all organisms that
are too small to be seen by the unaided eye.

A

microorganisms (microbes)

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2
Q

disease-causing microbes

A

pathogens

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3
Q

scientific discipline that carefully studies, identifies, and characterizes
microorganisms is the field of

A

microbiology

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4
Q

are not made up of true cells. They cannot reproduce independently and are considered non-living.

A

Acellular infectious agents

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5
Q

viruses and prions.

A

Acellular infectious agents

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6
Q

classified as either prokaryotes or eukaryotes

A

cellular microbe

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7
Q

do not have nuclear membranes and membrane-bound organelles, no true nucleus

A

Prokaryotic cells

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8
Q

examples of prokaryotic organisms

A

bacteria and archaea.

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9
Q

‘true nucleus’ that is bound by a nuclear
membrane
- contains a mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum

A

Eukaryotic cells

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10
Q

examples of Eukaryotic microorganisms

A

protozoa, microscopic fungi, microscopic algae

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11
Q
  • Acellular infectious agents; Incapable of replicating outside host cells
A

Viruses

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12
Q
  • Nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA (never both)
A

Core (Virus)

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13
Q
  • Proteinaceous material that protects the nucleic acid core
  • made up of capsomeres
A

Capsid (Virus)

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14
Q

Unit made up of the nucleic acid core and the proteinaceous capsid

A

Nucleocapsid

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15
Q

Not present in all viruses unlike the core and the capsid

A

Envelope (Virus)

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16
Q

Made up of glycoproteins and lipids

A

Envelope (Virus)

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17
Q

do not have envelopes

A

Naked viruses

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18
Q

are equipped with envelopes

A

enveloped viruses

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19
Q

Unicellular, prokaryotic microbes

A

Bacteria

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20
Q

true bacteria

A

eubacteria

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21
Q

formerly blue-green algae

A

cyanobacteria

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22
Q

Bacterial cell wall is unique due to presence of

A

peptidoglycan

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23
Q

Taxonomic classification of bacteria

A

Kingdom Monera, Domain Bacteria

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24
Q

Unicellular, prokaryotic microbes that live in extreme conditions (environments with
extreme heat, extreme cold, extremely high/ low pH, etc.)

A

Archaea

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25
Q

taxonomic classification of Archaea

A

Kingdom Monera, Domain Archaea

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26
Q

Unicellular, eukaryotic organisms

A

Protozoa (Protozoan)

27
Q

Non-photosynthetic

A

Protozoa (Protozoan)

28
Q

Taxonomic classification of protozoa

A

Kingdom Protista, Domain Eukarya

29
Q

Non-photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms

A

Fungi

30
Q

Microscopic fungi include the

A

unicellular yeasts, multicellular molds

31
Q

are capable of carrying out both sexual & asexual reproduction

A

Microscopic fungi

32
Q

reproduce via budding

A

Yeast cells

33
Q

grow via apical extension

A

Molds

34
Q

Fungi Cell wall is predominantly made up of

A

chitin

35
Q

Taxonomic classification of fungi

A

Kingdom Fungi, Domain Eukarya

36
Q

Photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms

A

Algae

37
Q

Some are unicellular while others are multicellular

A

Algae

38
Q

Algae cell wall is predominantly made up of

A

cellulose

39
Q

taxonomic classification of microscopic, unicellular algae

A

Kingdom Protista; Domain Eukarya

40
Q

focuses on the study of bacteria. (some of them are not pathogenic)

A

Bacteriology

41
Q

is the subject that deals with the bacteria that infect humans and the diseases that they cause

A

Clinical Bacteriology

42
Q

is the discipline that studies viruses and virus-like agents, including their classification,
structure, and their disease-causing properties

A

Virology

43
Q

within the context of
microbiology, is the discipline that studies the microscopic yeasts and molds.

A

Mycology

44
Q

other name for phycology

A

algology

45
Q

, is the scientific study of algae that are too small to be observed by the naked eye

A

Phycology

46
Q

is the subject that studies the eukaryotic and unicellular protozoans.

A

Protozoology

47
Q

Protozoology is inherently related to this science because some protozoans are parasitic in nature

A

Parasitology

48
Q

The same microorganisms are present in every case of the disease

A

Koch’s postulate 1

49
Q

The microorganisms are isolated from the tissues of a dead animal
and a pure culture is prepared. (The microorganisms are then later identified)

A

Koch’s postulate 2

50
Q

Microorganisms from the pure culture are inoculated into a healthy, susceptible animal. The disease (same disease in postulate 1) is
reproduced.

A

Koch’s postulate 3

51
Q

The suspected pathogen must be re-isolated from the tissue specimens of the experimental animal and shown to be the same as the
original

A

Koch’s postulate 4

52
Q

It isperformed to classify bacteria according to their cell wall structure

A

Gram staining (GS)

53
Q

Gram-positive bacteria will exhibit what color?

A

purple

54
Q

Gram-negative
bacteria will exhibit what color?

A

pink/red

55
Q

are spherical-shaped bacteria

A

Cocci

56
Q

are rod-shaped bacteria

A

bacilli

57
Q

This
technique is most useful in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A

Acid Fast Stain (AFS)

58
Q

the color of acid fast organisms

A

red

59
Q

the color of non-acid fast organisms

A

blue

60
Q

This technique utilizes 10% potassium hydroxide which dissolves the keratin of skin
scrapings, nails and hair in order to detect fungal elements such as spores and
hyphae

A

KOH (Potassium Hydroxide) Preparation

61
Q

is the isolation of the bacterium from the actual site of infection and allowing
the organism to grow in vitro using an artificially feasible environment.

A

Culture

62
Q

It allows the microbiologist to come up with a sufficient population of the pathogen
which will eventually be used for identification of the pathogen.

A

Culture

63
Q

is done after culture in order
to determine the most appropriate antibiotics that can be used to treat the infection
caused by the pathogen.

A

Sensitivity Testing/Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

64
Q

The most routinely used Sensitivity Testing/ Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST)

A

Kirby-Bauer Technique/Disk Diffusion
Susceptibility Test

PMLS FINALS (6 decks)

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