Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microscopy > Microscopic Examination > Flashcards

Microscopic Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Polarized Light

2 things

A

Maltese cross pattern: cholesterol, starch, 4 glowing orbs in a clover pattern
Birefringent: glowing, most crystals, fibers, radiographic dye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cells: Red Cells

causes, where, test result

A

Damage to vascular system, renal disease

RBC cast and proteinuria: kidney/upper UT
No RBC cast or proteinuria: lower UT

Test: positive blood pad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cells: White Blood Cells

3 types, appearance and test result

A

Leukocyturia: inflammation, disease, infection

Casts and proteins: upper/kidney

Trace protein, no casts: lower/bladder

Appearance and test result: cloudy, smelly, positive leukocyte esterase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cells: SEC

A

Poor collection, normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cells: TEC

Increased in what

A

Normal: 0-2
Increased: UTI, urinary inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cells: RTE

significance

A

Tubular cells, collecting duct cells
Always significant: upper kidney infection, renal disease, sheets = tubular injury/death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cells: Oval Fat Bodies

A

RTE with absorbed fats, glomerular dysfunction with renal cell death
- Refractive
- Polarized microscope
- Fat stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Casts: Basics and Formation

increased in what, disintegration?, significance

A

Formed in tubules, formation of Tamm-Horsfall protein

Increased: acidic, more solutes, stasis, more proteins
Disintegration: alkaline, dilute
Significance: more in number type and size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Casts: Homogenous - Hyaline

increased

A

Low refractile
Pretty normal
Increased: dehydration, exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Casts: Homogenous - Waxy

significance

A

NOT NORMAL
Highly refractile

Significance: chronic renal disease, renail failure, advanced stage cast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Casts: Inclusion - Granular

significance

A

Protein/cell degradation products, very refractile

NOT NORMAL (or heavy exercise)

Significance: renal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Casts: Inclusion - Fatty

signif.

A

Free fat or OFB, maltese cross pattern
NOT NORMAL

Significance: some renal diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Casts: Inclusion - Other

A

Elements: hemosiderin, crystals

Pigmented: hyaline with colo from myoglobin, hemoglobin, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Casts: Cellular - RBC

A

NOT NORMAL
Significance: glomerular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Casts: Cellular - WBC

A

NOT NORMAL
Significance: glomerular disease, infection/inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Casts: Cellular - Other

A

Mixed cells, bacterials

Broad casts: poor prognosis, urinary stasis, can be any type

17
Q

Casts: Cellular - Renal Tubular

A

Severe cell death
ALWAYS PATHOGENIC, rare
Significance: tubular necrosis

18
Q

Crystals: Formation

A

Depends on concentration, pH, temp/time, flow through tubules

Form outside of body

19
Q

Crystals: Acidic - Amorphous Urates

A

No significance
Increased: fridge
Dissolve: alkaline, heated

20
Q

Crystals: Acidic - Uric Acid

A

Diamond, rhombus, rosette
- Very acidic
- Colorful birefringence
Increased: gout, cytotoxic drugs

21
Q

Crystals: Acidic - Calcium Oxalate

A

Pretty normal
- Dissolves in HCl, large pH range
- Birefringent

Increased: food, kidney stone

22
Q

Crystals: Acidic - Hippuric Acid

A

No significance
- Ethylene glycol poisoning

23
Q

Crystals: Acidic - Sodium Urate

A

Nor important, amorph

24
Q

Crystals: Acidic - Bilirubin

A

Amber, large granules, fine needles

  • Fridge
  • Always abnormal, check chemical exam
25
Q

Crystals: Acidic - Tyrosine

A

Sheaves, yellow, needles
- Rare

Abnormal: congenital overflow, causes damage from needles

26
Q

Crystals: Acidic - Leucine

A

Tree trunk
- Dissolves in alkaline

Abnormal: congenital overflow, liver issues

27
Q

Crystals: Acidic - Cholesterol

A

Clear, flat, corner notch
- Colorful birefringence

Abnormal: tissue breakdown, renal disease, lymphatic rupture

28
Q

Crystals: Acidic - Cystine

A

pH less than 8
Hexagon plates, clear, refractile

Abnormal: tubule damage, congenital overflow

29
Q

Crystals: Acidic - Radiographic Dye

A

Large needles or plates
- Birefringent
- Specific gravity of over 1.040

30
Q

Crystals: Alkaline - Amorphous Phosphates

A

pH 7.0, colorless grains
Increased: fridge
- Soluble in acetic acid
- Does not dissolve when heated

NO BIGGIE

31
Q

Crystals: Alkaline - Triple Phosphate

A

Coffin lid
- Normal urine
- Sometimes kidney stones

32
Q

Crystals: Alkaline - Calcium Phosphate

A

Short prisms
- Normal urine
- Kidney stones

33
Q

Crystals: Alkaline - Calcium Carbonate

A

No biggie, large amorph

34
Q

Crystals: Alkaline - Ammonium Biurate

A

Very alkaline, yellow/brown spheres, spicules, old urine

Normal in vitro
NOT normal in body (vivo)

Microscopy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions