Microscopic Anatomy

Question 1

Sebaceous skin glands are (holocrine/apocrine/merocrine)

Answer 1

holocrine

Question 2

Mammary glands are (holocrine/apocrine/merocrine)

Answer 2

apocrine

Question 3

Sweat, salivary and exocrine pancreas glands are (holocrine/apocrine/merocrine)

Answer 3

merocrine

Question 4

Types of secretions: Exocytosis of product is _____ glands

Answer 4

Merocrine (eccrine sweat glands)

Question 5

Types of secretions: Shedding of apical cell segment is _____ glands

Answer 5

apocine

Question 6

Types of secretions: Lysis of cell filled with secretory product is ______ gland

Answer 6

holocrine

Question 7

In Eccrine sweat glands, dark cells secrete ____ while pale cells secrete _____

Answer 7

proteins

fluids

Question 8

These cells in the basal lamina of Eccrine sweat glands contract to expel secretory product

Answer 8

myoepithelial cells

Question 9

The two types of sweat glands are ____ and ____

Answer 9

eccrine and apocrine

Question 10

Both eccrine and apocrine sweat glands do ____ type sectretion

Answer 10

merocrine

Question 11

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands (eccrine and appocrine) are (simple/compound) glands

Answer 11

simple

Question 12

Both salivary glands and pancreas glands are (simple/compound)

Answer 12

complex

Question 13

salivary drainage pathway: acini –> ____ duct –> intralobular –> septa

Answer 13

intercalated

Question 14

What do sebaceous glands secrete?

Answer 14

sebum

triglycerides, chelsterol, squalene and wax esters

Question 15

Along with stratified cuboidal epithelium in ducts, the three cells types in sweat glands are 1. 2. 3.

Answer 15

pale cells
dark cells
myoepithelial cells

Question 16

The function of myoepithelial cells is to _____

Answer 16

expel secretory product

Question 17

The three types of acini are ___, ___ and ___

Answer 17

mucous, serous and mixed

Question 18

The function of serous cells is to secrete ____ and ___ and absorb ____

Answer 18

secrete proteins (IgA) and HCO3 (bicarb)
and to absorbe chloride

Question 19

What are serous demilunes?

Answer 19

fixation artifacts

half-moons that stick out around the acini (salivary glands)

Question 20

In which gland can you find basal striations?

Answer 20

Salivary glands

1. submandibular
2. parotid
3. sublingual

Question 21

What is the most diagnostic histological feature of the pancrease?

Answer 21

Islets of langerhans

Question 22

Where is bicarbonate made in the pancreas?

Answer 22

intercalated ducts

Question 23

In the digestive tract, the typical muscularis externa organization is an inner ______ layer and the outer _____ layer

Answer 23

Inner circular

Outer longitudinal

Question 24

In the colon there are villi but no ____

Answer 24

Crypts

Question 25

Thick longitudinal muscle in the colon are called ____ ____

Answer 25

Taenia coli

Question 26

The plexus in between the circular muscularis externa and the longitudinal taenia coli is the ____ ____

Answer 26

Aurbach's plexus

Question 27

The vermiform appendix (does/does not) have a serosa

Answer 27

Does have a serosa

Question 28

The four principle layers of the GI tract are: 1,2,3,4

Answer 28

1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis externa 4. Serosa or adventitia

Question 29

The submucosa of the GI tract is made of dense _____ connective tissue

Answer 29

irregular

Question 30

These columnar shapped cells secrete pepsinogens and lipases, typically from the basal half of gastric glands

Answer 30

Chief cells

Question 31

This category of cells produces gastrin, somatostatin and ghrelin

Answer 31

Enteroendocrine cells

Question 32

Which GI cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor?

Answer 32

Parietal cells

Question 33

Unicellular glands that synthesize hormones and vasoactive peptides in the lower GI

Answer 33

Enteroendocine cells

Question 34

At the base of a crypt of liberkuhn, you may find a _____ cell that has exocrine function

Answer 34

Paneth cell

Question 35

Where are stem cells found in the lower GI?

Answer 35

At the base of crypts of lieberkuhn

Question 36

These cells located in the ileum only are part of the GALT

Answer 36

M cells

Question 37

The basement membrane under ___ cells is discontinuous

Answer 37

M cells

Question 38

Bruner's glands are located in the (duodenum/jejunum)

Answer 38

duodenum

Question 39

You will find more goblet cells in the (duodenum/jejunum)

Answer 39

jejunum

Question 40

The longest villi, most peyer's patches and most goblet cells are found in the (duodenum/jejunum/ileum)

Answer 40

ileum

Question 41

Where will you find taenia coli? (colon + cecum/appendix/rectum)

Answer 41

colon + cecum

Question 42

Where will you find plicae semilunares? (colon + cecum/appendix/rectum)

Answer 42

colon + cecum

Question 43

These GI cells secrete lysozyme from the crypts

Answer 43

Paneth cells

Question 44

Which cells secrete secretory component?

Answer 44

Absorptive cells

Question 45

Mucins can be stained with which type of stain?

Answer 45

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)

Question 46

What is the content of zymogenic granules?

Answer 46

Precursors to enzymes that become active once the granules leaves the cell.

Question 47

What are the 4 layers of the GI tract?

Answer 47

Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Serosa or adventitia

Question 48

What is the function of mucosa?

Answer 48

Protection, absorption, and secretion

Question 49

What is the function of submucosa?

Answer 49

It contains the blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and a nerve plexus

Question 50

What is the function of muscularis externa?

Answer 50

Contraction to mix and propel the intestinal contents

Question 51

What is the function of serosa/adventitia?

Answer 51

A covering - contains CT, blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves

Question 52

What are the four types of papillae are found on the tongue?

Answer 52

Filiform Fungiform Foliate Circumvallate

Question 53

The submucosa of the esophagus is made of what?

Answer 53

CT and esophageal glands proper

Question 54

The esophageal cardiac glands are found where?

Answer 54

Mucosa

Question 55

What do the esophageal cardiac glands secrete?

Answer 55

neutral mucus

Question 56

What do the esophageal glands proper secrete?

Answer 56

Viscous, slightly acidic mucus

Question 57

Which gastric glands have short pits and short coiled glands?

Answer 57

Cardiac gland

Question 58

Which gastric glands have medium pits and long straight glands?

Answer 58

Gastric/fundic glands

Question 59

Which gastric glands have very long pits and short slightly coiled glands?

Answer 59

Pyloric glands

Question 60

Which cells are large and eosinophilic and are found in the middle to upper part of the gastric gland? They can also be binucleated and have intracellular canaliculus?

Answer 60

Parietal cells

Question 61

Which gastric cells are found in the base of gastric glands and creates products that are used in paracrine and endocrine signalling?

Answer 61

Enteroendocrine cells

Question 62

Where are Brunner's glands found?

Answer 62

the submucosa of the duodenum

Question 63

How is the mucosa of the duodenum protected from gastric acid?

Answer 63

Brunner's cells secrete an alkaline mucous

Question 64

What are crypts of Lieberkuhn?

Answer 64

Simple tubular glands that extend from the surface epithelium down to the muscularis mucosae

Question 65

What disease is the paneth cell associated with?

Answer 65

Crohn's disease

Question 66

Peyer's patches are unique to which part of the small intestine?

Answer 66

Ileum

Question 67

What is the function of M cells?

Answer 67

To take up antigens from the gut and deliver them to lymphocytes

Question 68

Groups of 20-40 lymphatic nodules covered by M cells are called ______

Answer 68

Peyer's Patches

Question 69

What is morphologically distinct about the colon?

Answer 69

Taenia coli (part of the muscularis externa)

Question 70

Where are stem cells located in the stomach?

Answer 70

Located in the isthmus and neck of the mucosal glands

Question 71

Where are stem cells located in the small intestine?

Answer 71

Located near the base of the crypts

Question 72

How often of cells regenerated in the small intestine?

Answer 72

3-6 days

Question 73

How often do stem cells replace cells in the stomach?

Answer 73

They move upward to replace surface cells once a week. They move downward to replace glandular cells once a month.

Question 74

What cell type in the liver stores vitamin A?

Answer 74

Ito cells

Question 75

Ito cell reside in which space? What occurs in this space?

Answer 75

perisinusoidal space (space of Disse) which is the site of exchange of materials between the liver cells and blood cells

Question 76

What cells border the bile canaliculi?

Answer 76

Hepatocytes with microvilli

Question 77

Which hepatocyte organelle is involved in drug detoxification?

Answer 77

Smooth ER

Question 78

The dual blood supply of the liver first gets mixed in what?

Answer 78

hepatic sinusoids

Question 79

Bilirubin glucuronide gives feces their _____

Answer 79

color

Question 80

What does the concept of a liver acinus help explain?

Answer 80

It provides insight into blood perfusion, metabolic activity, and liver pathology.

Question 81

Which zone of the liver acinus is the first to show ischemic necrosis and to accumulate fat?

Answer 81

Zone 3

Question 82

The gallbladder does not have which layer of the SI?

Answer 82

submucosa

Question 83

What does the concept of a portal lobule help explain?

Answer 83

exocrine functions of the liver

Question 84

Kupffer cells are derived from what?

Answer 84

Monocytes

Question 85

Cell membrane in-foldings that house mitochondria in salavary glands are called _____

Answer 85

basal striations

Question 86

What is the composition of sebum? (4)

Answer 86

1. triglycerides 2. cholesterol 3. squalene 4. wax esters

Question 87

Intercalated ducts are no more than ____ cells around

Answer 87

6

Question 88

Which salivary acini has serous demilunes? (mucous/serous/mixed)

Answer 88

mixed

Question 89

The sublingual gland has acini that are mostly (mucous/serous/mixed)

Answer 89

mucous

Question 90

The parotid gland has acini that are mostly (mucous/serous/mixed)

Answer 90

serous

Question 91

The submandibular gland has acini that are mostly (mucous/serous/mixed)

Answer 91

mixed (with demilunes)