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AUBF LAB PRELIM > microscopic > Flashcards

microscopic Flashcards

1
Q

significance of color

A

blood

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2
Q

significance of clarity

A

hematuria vs hemoglobinuria/myoglobinuria

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3
Q

significance of blood

A

rbcs/ rbc cast

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4
Q

significance of protein

A

cast/cells

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5
Q

significance of nitrite

A

bacteria
wbc

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6
Q

significance of leukocyte esterase

A

wbc/wbc cast/ bacteria

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7
Q

significance of glucose

A

yeast

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8
Q

chemical correlation of rbc

A

+ blood
+ protein

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9
Q

chemical correlation of wbc

A

+ protein
+ leukocyte esterase
+ nitrite

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10
Q

chemical correlation of casts

A

+ protein

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11
Q

chemical correlation of bacteria

A

increase ph
+ nitrite
+ leukocyte

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12
Q

chemical correlation of crystals

A

ph
bilirubin

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13
Q

Delineates structure
and contrasting
colors of the nucleus
and cytoplasm

A

Sternheimer-
Malbin

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14
Q

Enhances nuclear
detail

A

Toluidine blue

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15
Q

Lyses RBCs and
enhances nuclei of
WBCs

A

2% acetic acid

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16
Q

Stains triglycerides
and neutral fats
orange-red

A

Lipid Stains: Oil
Red O and
Sudan III

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17
Q

Identifies WBCs,
epithelial cells, and
casts

A

Sternheimer-
Malbin

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18
Q

Distinguishes RBCs
from WBCs, yeast,
oil droplets, and
crystals

A

2% acetic acid

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19
Q

Methylene blue and
eosin Y stains
eosinophilic granules

A

Hansel stain

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20
Q

Stains structures
containing iron

A

Prussian blue
stain

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21
Q

Identifies free fat droplets
and lipid-containing cells
and casts

A

Lipid Stains: Oil
Red O and
Sudan III

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22
Q

Differentiates gram-
positive and gram-
negative bacteria

A

eosinophils

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23
Q

Identifies yellow-brown
granules of hemosiderin in
cells and casts

A

prussian blue

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24
Q

Very uniform color;
slightly darker than
mucous threads

A

hyaline cast

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25
Q

Darker than hyaline casts, but
of a pale even color; distinct
broken ends

A

waxy cast

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26
Q

Used for routine urinalysis

A

bright field microscopy

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27
Q

Aids in identification of cholesterol in
oval fat bodies, fatty casts, and crystals

A

polarizing microscopy

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28
Q

Enhances visualization of elements with
low refractive indices, such as hyaline
casts, mixed cellular casts, mucous
threads, and Trichomonas

A

Phase-contrast
microscopy

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29
Q

Aids in identification of Treponema

pallidum

A

Dark-field microscopy

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30
Q

Allows visualization of naturally
fluorescent microorganisms or those
stained by a fluorescent dye

A

Fluorescence
microscopy

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31
Q

Produces a three-dimensional
microscopy-image and layer-by-layer
imaging of a specimen

A

Interference- contrast

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32
Q

RBC sources of ident error

A
  • Yeast cells * Oil droplets / airbubbles
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33
Q

Reporting of rbc

A

Average number per 10 hpfs

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34
Q

Complete
urinalysis
correlation of rbc

A
  • Color * Reagent strip blood reaction
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35
Q

Sources of
Identification error of wbc

A

Renal tubular epithelial cells

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36
Q

Complete urinalysis
correlation of wbc

A
  • Leukocyte esterase
  • Nitrite
  • Specific gravity
  • pH
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37
Q

Largest cells in the sediment with
abundant, irregular cytoplasm and
prominent nuclei

A

(Squamous epithelial cels

38
Q

Complete urinalysis
correlation of wbc

39
Q

Sources of
Identification error of wbc

A

folded cells may resemble cast

40
Q

Spherical, polyhedral, or caudate

with centrally located nucleus

A

(Transitional/Urothelial epithelial cell

41
Q

Sources of
Identification for wbc

A

Spherical forms resemble RTE cells

42
Q

Complete
urinalysis
correlation of wbc

A
  • Clarity; * blood, if malignancy-associated
43
Q

Rectangular, columnar, round, oval or,
cuboidal with an eccentric nucleus possibly
bilirubin-stained or hemosiderin-laden

A

Epithelial Cells (Renal Tubular)

44
Q

Highly refractile RTE cells

A

Oval Fat Bodies

45
Q

Identification error of bacteria

A

Amorphous phosphates and urates

46
Q

(Composition and Formation of cast

A

Tamm-Horsfall protein
albumin, immunoglobulin
protein gel
tapered end

47
Q

Sources of
Identification error of hyaline cast

A

Mucus, fibers, hair, increased lighting

48
Q

*Organic & iatrogenic compounds ppts in

49
Q

*inorganic salts ppts in

A

neutral and alkaline soln

50
Q

ppts in acidic and neutral

A

calcium oxalate

51
Q

Yellow-brown
(rhombic/4-
sided/rosette)

52
Q

solubility of uric acid

A

Alkali
Soluble

53
Q

Brick dust or
yellow brown
granules

A

amorphous urates

54
Q

solubility of amorphous urates

A

Alkali and
heat

55
Q

Colorless
(envelopes, oval,
dumbbell,
octahedral)

A

calcium oxalate

56
Q

solubility of calcium oxalate

A

Dilute HCl

57
Q

Normal Crystal Seen in Acidic Urine

A

uric acid
amorphous urates
calcium oxalate

58
Q

White–colorless
(granular/white
ppt)

A

Amorphous
phosphates

59
Q

Colorless (flat
rectangular
plates/thin prisms
often in rosette
formations)

A

Calcium
phosphate

60
Q

Normal Crystal Seen in Neutral/Alkaline Urine

A

Amorphous phosphates
Calcium phosphate

61
Q

Colorless (prism
shape “coffin lids”)

A

Triple
phosphate

62
Q

Yellow-brown
(spicule-covered
spheres “thorny
apples”)

A

Ammonium
biurate

63
Q

Colorless
(dumbbells/spheric
al)

A

Calcium
carbonate

64
Q

solubility of calcium carbonate

A

Gas from
acetic acid

65
Q

solubility of ammonium biurate

A

Acetic acid
with heat

66
Q

Normal Crystal Seen in Alkaline Urine

A

Triple phosphate
Ammonium biurate
Calcium carbonate

67
Q

Abnormal Crystals seen in Acid Urine

A

Cystine
Cholesterol
Bilirubin
Radiographic dye

68
Q
  • Colorless
  • Hexagonal
    plates
69
Q

Colorless
notched
plates

A

cholesterol

70
Q

Confirmation test for cystine

A

 cyanide-
nitroprusside test

71
Q

Seen in
refrigerated
specimen

A

Cholesterol

72
Q

disease in cholesterol

A

Nephrotic
syndrome

73
Q

Yellow * clumped
needles or
granules

74
Q

present in hepatic disorder

75
Q

Colorless * Cholesterol
crystal like

A

Radiographic
dye

76
Q

Markedly high
specific gravity
when measured
by refractometer

A

Radiographic
dye

77
Q

Abnormal Crystals seen in Acid/Neutral Urine

A

Leucine
Tyrosine
Sulfonamides
Ampicillin

78
Q

Spheres
(concentric
circles and
radial striations)

79
Q

Fine needle
(clump or
rosette form)

80
Q
  • Crystals Associated
    With Liver Disorders
81
Q

seen in conjunction
with leucine crystals in
specimens with
positive chemical test
results for bilirubin

82
Q

Needles, rhombics,
whetstones, sheaves
of wheat, and
rosettes

A

Sulfonamides

83
Q

needles (form
bundles following
refrigeration

A

Ampicillin

84
Q

Seen in inadequate
patient hydration

A

Sulfonamides

85
Q

Contaminants from improper collection

A

Urinary Sediment Artifacts

86
Q

Urinary Sediment Artifacts

A

starch granule
oil droplets
air bubbles
pollen grains
hair and fibers from clothing and diapers
fecal artifacts

87
Q
  • Resemble fat
    droplets when
    polarized
  • Dimpled center
A

Starch Granule

88
Q

highly refractile
and may
resemble RBCs

A

oil droplets
air bubbles

89
Q
  • spheres with a cell wall
    and occasional
    concentric circles
A

Pollen grains

90
Q

mistaken for casts * usually much longer
and more refractile

A

Hair and fibers
from clothing
and diapers

91
Q

presence of a fistula
between the intestinal
and urinary tracts * appear as plant and
meat fibers or as brown
amorphous material

A

fecal artifcact

AUBF LAB PRELIM (5 decks)

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