Microscope Test Flashcards
Define spontaneous generation
The theory that living things can be produced from nonliving things
Define biogenesis
Living things come from other living things of the same type
What was Redi’s experiment?
He put some meat in containers that were sealed tightly, and then some of the same meat he put in containers that were not sealed. His results confirmed his hypothesis, the maggots only appeared in the meat that wasn’t sealed.
What was Needham’s experiment?
He boiled some broth and then split it into a container he left open and another one he sealed with a cork. Maggots appeared in both containers.
What was a Spallanzani’s experiment?
Spallanzani said that Needham’s experiment was flawed because he didn’t boil the broth for long enough and the container was not sealed tight enough. So he conducted his own experiment, he boiled meat broth for an hour and put some in an open container and the rest in a container he melted the glass on top so it was sealed tight. There were microorganisms present in only the one that was opened.
What was Pastuer’s experiment?
Pastuer tried to prove once and for all that spontaneous generation was not true. People said that Spallanzani’s experiment was flawed because spontaneous generation needed air, but the melted glass didn’t let any in so spontaneous generation still could be true. Pastuer made a container that tilted up, then down to let air in but not microorganisms. He put meat broth in that container and one that was open, and microorganisms only appeared in the open one. He proved spontaneous generation was not true once and for all.
What are the characteristics of living things?
1) Movement
2) Response: A stimulus is something in the environment that provokes a response (a change in behavior)
3) Energy use: autotroph (makes energy from light) and heterotroph (gets energy from consuming other living things)
4) Excretion (feces, oxygen from plants; ect.)
5) Metabolism: the sum of all chemical processes occurring within the organism
6. Water Requirement: Humans are made of 66% water
7. Adaption: Being able to change over time to suit the environment
8. Growth (increase in size or increase in cell number)
9. Composed of Cells: multicellular (has multiple cells) and unicellular (only one cell)
10) Reproduction (sexual: two parents for offspring, asexual: one parent needed)
11. Inheritance (passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring)
What is the difference between a simple and compound microscope?
A simple microscope uses one lens while a compound microscope uses two.
What does par-focal mean?
If one objective lens has the object in
focus, and you go to the next objective lens, only minor adjustment is needed to bring the image back into focus.
What does par-central mean?
The ability to keep an object in the middle of your field-of-view when changing from one objective to another.
What does working distance mean?
The distance between the objective
lens and the slide. As you switch to more powerful objective lenses, the working distance decreases.
How do you calculate the total magnification of a compound microscope?
Multiply the magnification of the
eyepiece by the magnification of the objective you are using.
How do you carry a microscope?
Grasp the arm with one hand and
put the other hand under the base.
Why should you not use the coarse adjustment knob when using high power objective?
Because the high power objective is already so close to the slide, that if you make big changes with the coarse adjustment knob, it might crash into the slide and break it.
Eyepiece
The lens nearest your eye.
Usually has the magnification of 10X.
