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Science > Cells Test > Flashcards

Cells Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cell structures. Separates cell contents from the environment.

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2
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Controls cell activities such as growth and reproduction. Contains DNA.

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3
Q

What is the function of the Nuclear envelope?

A

Separates nucleus from cytoplasm. Tiny holes (nuclear pores) let materials pass into and out of the nucleus.

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4
Q

What is chromatin?

A

It is made of protein (histones) and DNA. It is found in the nucleus.

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5
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

Contains genetic information

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6
Q

What is the full word for DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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7
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

Produces ribosomes

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8
Q

What is cytosol?

A

A protein rich gel/fluid within the cell

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9
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Cytosol and organelles (“little organs”. Each has a special function)

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10
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Makes protein for the cell

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11
Q

What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?

A

It makes phospholipids and wraps protein in vesicles which go to the Golgi Apparatus

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12
Q

What are phospholipids?

A

Molecules found in the cell membrane

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13
Q

What are vesicles?

A

Membrane-bound sacs of material

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14
Q

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)?

A

Transports materials made by the cell such as protein

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15
Q

What is the difference between the Smooth ER and the Rough ER?

A

Ribosomes are attached the the Rough ER, but are not attached to the Smooth ER.

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16
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

Packaging and shipping centers of the cell: Receives vesicles from the Smooth ER, modifies the protein, and forms a new vesicle. The new vesicle goes to other organelles or leaves the cell.

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17
Q

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

A

Power plants of the cell: releases energy from stored food. Extensive folding of the inner membrane increases surface area for chemical reactions.

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18
Q

What determines the number of mitochondria in a cell?

A

How active the cell is

19
Q

What are the functions of Chloroplasts?

A

Plants use these green organelles to make food (glucose) through photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are made of cellulose and give plant cells their blocky shape.

20
Q

What is cellulose?

A

A polysaccharide (dietary fiber)

21
Q

What is the function of Leucoplasts?

A

Bonds glucose molecules (monosaccharides) to make starch molecules (polysaccharides).

22
Q

What is the function of Vacuoles?

A

They are storage areas that usually store water and food for the cell.

23
Q

What is the function of Lysosomes?

A

They are recycling centers of the cell. Contain digestive enzymes that break down large molecules.

24
Q

What is the function of the Cytoskeleton?

A

organizing microtubules that serve as the cell’s skeletal system

25
Q

What is the function of the Centrioles?

A

organizing microtubules that serve as the cell’s skeletal system.

26
Q

What is the difference between animal and plant cells?

A

Animal cells are more round while plant cells are blocky and __________.

27
Q

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

A

It’s protection and gives a blocky teaxture

28
Q

What is the cell membrane made out of?

A
29
Q

Define Semipermeable

A

Some things can pass through and some things can not.

30
Q

Label the Animal Cell Diagram: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ahrgDxQ79q1xjTLrbdN9gn6nOAFzDapeox5elw1n9NY/present#slide=id.p

A

Answers:
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ahrgDxQ79q1xjTLrbdN9gn6nOAFzDapeox5elw1n9NY/present#slide=id.g31178bf7d0f_0_15

31
Q

Label the Plant Cell Diagram:
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ahrgDxQ79q1xjTLrbdN9gn6nOAFzDapeox5elw1n9NY/present#slide=id.g31178bf7d0f_0_38

A

Answers: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ahrgDxQ79q1xjTLrbdN9gn6nOAFzDapeox5elw1n9NY/present#slide=id.g31178bf7d0f_0_57

32
Q

What is passive and active transport?

A

Passive transport: Does not require energy.
Active transport: Requires energy.

33
Q

Define diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.

A

Diffusion: The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration.
Osmosis: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell’s partially permeable membrane.
facilitated diffusion: The use of protein channels and carrier proteins, to help molecules move across a cell membrane.

34
Q

Identify hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions. Know the direction of water molecule movement and if cells will swell or shrink.

A

Water will always go from a place with a high concentration of water to a low concentration until it reaches equilibrium.
Hypotonic= more water outside the cell than inside which means water will go into the cell and cause it to swell.
Hypertonic= more water inside which means the water will leave the cell and cause it to shrink.
Isotonic= means both inside and outside the cell have an equal concentration which means no movement.

35
Q

Define osmotic lysis, turgor pressure, and plasmolysis.

A

Osmotic lysis: The bursting or rupturing of cell membrane
Turgor pressure: The pressure in a cell.
Plasmolysis: Cell shrinkage

36
Q

What is the role of carrier proteins in active transport?

A

They allow chemicals to cross the membrane against a concentration gradient or when the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane is impermeable to a chemical.

37
Q

Define endocytosis and exocytosis.

A

Endocytosis: A process that occurs when a cell moves large materials from inside the cell to the outside of the cell using small spheres of membrane called vesicles.
Exocytosis: The process by which cells excrete waste and other large molecules from the cytoplasm to the cell exterior.

38
Q

When can a cell use passive transport?

A

When a molecule moves down its concentration gradient from high to low concentration.

39
Q

Which transport mechanisms are passive?

A

There are three passive transportation methods - diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.

40
Q

When do cells need to use active transport?

A

To move substances against a concentration or electrochemical gradient, a cell must use energy.

41
Q

Which transport mechanisms are active?

A

There are two types of active transport: primary active transport that uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and secondary active transport that uses an electrochemical gradient.

42
Q

How does glucose pass through the cell membrane?

A

Facilitative defusion passes through protein channels.

43
Q

What kinds of molecules can most easily pass through the cell membrane?

A

Small nonpolar molecules, such as O2 and CO2, are soluble in the lipid bilayer and therefore can readily cross cell membranes.

Science (6 decks)

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