DNA Test

Question 1

Define triplet

Answer 1

3 bases on DNA that code for 1 amino acid

Question 2

Define codon

Answer 2

3 bases on mRNA that code for 1 amino acid

Question 3

Define anticode

Answer 3

3 bases on tRNA that code for 1 amino acid

Question 4

Define mutation

Answer 4

Any change in a DNA code

Question 5

Know the three types of DNA mutations

Answer 5

Substitutions, insertion, and deletion

Question 6

What is substitution?

Answer 6

a change in 1 letter in an amino acid sequence

Question 7

What is insertion?

Answer 7

Adding an extra letter in an amino acid sequence

Question 8

What is deletion?

Answer 8

Removing a letter from an amino acid sequence

Question 9

Know the possible outcomes of DNA mutations

Answer 9

Missense, silent, premature stop, and frame shift

Question 10

What is missense?

Answer 10

A change in one amino acid

Question 11

What is silent?

Answer 11

Amino acid not changed

Question 12

What is premature stop?

Answer 12

Chain ends early

Question 13

What is frame shift?

Answer 13

• Changes all amino acids past that point of mutation
• Caused by either an insertion or deletion

Question 14

Define transcription

Answer 14

Going from DNA and making mRNA.

Question 15

Where does transcription take place?

Answer 15

The Nucleus

Question 16

What are the steps of transcription?

Answer 16

Initiation (RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region on DNA), elongation (RNA polymerase adds complementary RNA nucleotides to the growing RNA chain), and termination (RNA polymerase reaches a termination sequence and releases the completed RNA transcript).

Question 17

What enzyme “unzips” and builds the RNA molecule?

Answer 17

RNA polymerase

Question 18

Define translation

Answer 18

mRNA –> protein

Question 19

Where does translation take place?

Answer 19

The Ribosomes

Question 20

What are the steps of translation?

Answer 20

mRNA binds to the ribosome, tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome, and tRNA puts its amino acid according to the code of the mRNA.

Question 21

What are proteins made of?

Answer 21

Many amino acids bonded together.

Question 22

What determines the type of protein?

Answer 22

The order of amino acids.

Question 23

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 23

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 24

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 24

Blueprint/code for making proteins

Question 25

DNA is a polymer. What is a polymer?

Answer 25

A molecule made of many repeating units

Question 26

What is the monomer of DNA called?

Answer 26

Nucleotide

Question 27

What three parts make up a nucleotide?

Answer 27

Sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenis base

Question 28

What are the four nitrogen bases?

Answer 28

Adenine, guanine, thyanine, and cytosine

Question 29

Is DNA double or single stranded?

Answer 29

Double stranded

Question 30

What does the structure of DNA look like?

Answer 30

A twisted ladder (double helix)

Question 31

What are the sides of the ladder made of?

Answer 31

Phosphate and sugar

Question 32

What are the rungs of a ladder made of?

Answer 32

Base pairs

Question 33

The sugar-phosphate chain is connected with what?

Answer 33

Covalent bonds

Question 34

The paired nitrogen bases are held together by what?

Answer 34

Hydrogen bonds

Question 35

What does C pair with?

Answer 35

G (three bonds)

Question 36

What does A pair with?

Answer 36

T (two bonds)

Question 37

Is DNA anti-parallel?

Answer 37

Yes

Question 38

Know how to write amino acid sequences DNA non template strand: 5'ATGC

Answer 38

-DNA template strand: 3'TACG -mRNA strand: 5'AUGC -tRNA anticodons: 3'UACG

Question 39

What are the steps of DNA replication?

Question 40

What enzyme "unzips" the DNA molecule?

Answer 40

Helicase

Question 41

What enzyme builds the new DNA strands?

Answer 41

DNA polymerase

Question 42

After replication what does each DNA molecule consist of?

Answer 42

An old strand and a new strand

Question 43

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 43

Ribonucleic Acid

Question 44

Know the three differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 44

1) DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded 2) RNA has the sugar ribose, DNA has deoxyribose 3) RNA has uracil (U) instead of T

Question 45

What are the functions of mRNA and tRNA?

Answer 45

tRNA transfers amino acids and mRNA gets the code on DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm