Microprocessor (Mod 1) Flashcards
compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded system.
Microcontrollers
A typical microcontroller includes:
processor, memory and input/output (I/O) peripherals on a single chip.
Microcontroller referred to as an
embedded controller or microcontroller unit (MCU)
They’re simple miniature PCs designed to control small features of a larger component without a complex front-end operating
Microcontrollers
Different types of Microcontrollers
- 8051
- AVR
- PIC
Microcontroller Applications
- Industrial automation
- Automotive
- Home appliances
- Consumer electronics
- Medical devices
- Military systems
- Environmental monitoring
- Robotics
- Internet of Things (IoT)
Difference between microprocessor and microcontroller
MICROPROCESSOR: general-purpose processor
MICROCONTROLLER: processor to perform a specific task
serves as the brain of a computer or other electronic devices
Microprocessor
a programmable device that processes binary data (0s and 1s) according to a set of instructions stored in its memory.
Microprocessor
Role of microprocessor in computing
Execution of software programs
Applications of microprocessor
- Computing
- Automotive
- Telecommunications
- Consumer Electronics
The first commercially available microprocessor, a 4-bit CPU used primarily in calculators and small control systems
Intel 4004 (1971)
An 8-bit microprocessor that set the standard for early personal computers
Intel 8080 (1974)
The beginning of the x86 architecture, which became the foundation for most personal computers
Intel 8086/8088 (1978)
The year of the rise of 16-bit and 32-bit processors, with companies like Motorola (68000 series) and Intel (80386) leading the way
1980s
The year of the introduction of 64-bit processors, including the Intel Pentium series, which brought higher performance and capabilities to consumer markets.
1990s
The year of Modern microprocessors, such as Intel’s Core series, AMD’s Ryzen, and ARM-based processors, have become multi-core, highly efficient, and capable of handling
2000s - Present
The component of the microprocessor that performs arithmetic and logical operations, such as addition, subtraction, and bitwise operations. It is crucial for executing the mathematical functions required by software instructions
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
The component of the microprocessor that directs the operation of the processor. It fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and then executes them by coordinating with the ALU and other components.
Control Unit (CU)
The component of the microprocessor that are small, fast storage locations within the CPU that hold data, instructions, or addresses temporarily during execution.
Registers
This component of the microprocessor are communication pathways that connect various components of the microprocessor, including the ALU, registers, and memory. And typically three types of buses
Buses
3 types of buses
- data bus
- address bus
- control bus
This is a type of bus that transfers data between the CPU and other components.
Data bus
This is a type of bus that carries the addresses of data and instructions
Address bus
This is a type of bus that carries control signals to manage the operations of the CPU and other components
Control bus
Common types of registers
- accumulator
- program counter
- stack pointer
The information that the microcontroller receives is temporarily stored in its
Data memory
What is a common feature of modern microprocessors?
Support for multi-threading
