MICROPARA_LAB Flashcards
A system of accurately ground
lenses arranged to give sharp,
clear, magnified images of
minute objects
MICROSCOPE
The technology of making very
small things visible to the
naked eye
MICROSCOPY
the process of enlarging something
only in appearance
MAGNIFICATION
related to scaling up visuals or
images to be able to see more detail
MAGNIFICATION
ability of the lenses to distinguish
fine detail and structure
RESOLVING POWER
ability to distinguish two points a
specified distance apart
RESOLVING POWER
when two substances have a
different index of refraction, the
light will bend as it passes from
one material to another
REFRACTIVE INDEX
Has one lens, similar to a
magnifying glass
SIMPLE MICROSCOPE
Leeuwenhoek’s simple
microscopes magnify images
from 100X to 300X
SIMPLE MICROSCOPE
Has series of lenses
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
Enables us to examine
very small specimens
and some fine details
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
Microscope uses visible light to
observe specimen
LIGHT MICROSCOPY
Specimen appears
against a bright
background
Use: various stained
specimens
B R I G H T F I E L D
- Special condenser with
opaque disk. Light enters
the objective lens - Use: for microorganisms
which cannot be stained
D A R K F I E L D
- Uses condenser with annular
diaphragm which allows direct
light to pass through the
condenser - Use: detailed examination of
internal structures; does not
require staining
P H A S E - C O N T R A S T
- Uses a UV or near-UV
source of illumination - Use: observation of
natural fluorescence and
immunofluorescence
F L U O R E S E N C E
- Uses different refractive
indexes to produce image - Use: provides 3D images
of samples
DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE CONTRAST
- Light source and
condenser is on top,
above the stage - Use: observation of living
cells under more natural
conditions
I N V E R T E D
Microscope uses beam of electrons
instead of light
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Offers much greater resolving power
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Electrons are reflected from
the specimen; magnifies
1,000 to 10,000X
SCANNING ELECTRON (SEM)
Use: study of surface
features of cells and viruses
SCANNING ELECTRON (SEM)
Electrons pass through the
specimen; magnifies 10,000
to 100,000X
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON (TEM)
Use: examination of viruses
or internal ultrastructure in
thin sections of cells
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON (TEM)
Uses a thin metal probe
that scans a specimen
SCANNING TUNNELING (STEM)
Use: reveals bumps and
depressions of atoms on
surface of specimen
SCANNING TUNNELING (STEM)
Measures the deflection
of a laser beam aimed at
the tip of a probe that
travels across the surface
of the specimen
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY
Measures the deflection
of a laser beam aimed at
the tip of a probe that
travels across the surface
of the specimen
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY
Use: visualization of
individual molecules and
atoms
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY
Used when there is a need to
culture microorganisms and
for substances that must be
protected from contamination
SCREW CAPPED TUBES
Used to make broth, agar
deep, and agar slant
SCREW CAPPED TUBES
Used to detect production of
gas by microorganisms. An
inverted small tube is initially
filled with the solution in
which the microorganism is
to be grown.
DURHAM FERMENTATION TUBE
Simpler than Durham tube.
Used also for observing
microorganisms perform
fermentation.
SMITH FERMENTATION TUBE
used to make agar
plates for microbiology
studies
PETRI DISH
Glassware calibrated for
precise volume.
VOLUMETRIC FLASK
Used for measuring or
storing different
amounts of liquid
VOLUMETRIC FLASK
Has a single graduation
that allows it to deliver
one specific volume
accurately
VOLUMETRIC PIPETTE
serological or blow-out
pipettes have no 0ml
mark as that corresponds
to an empty pipette
SEROLOGIC PIPETTE
Makes it easy to deliver
liquids, especially small
volumes, accurately and
precisely
PIPETTOR
Has a disposable tip
PIPETTOR
Used to observe
specimens for a long time
because they do not dry
up very quickly. Thus,
motility of an organism
can be observed.
HANGING DROP SLIDE
AKA smear loop, inoculation
wand or microstreaker
INOCULATING LOOP
used to retrieve and transfer
an inoculum from a culture of
microorganisms
INOCULATING LOOP
mainly used to pick a single
colony (pure) and transfer in an
agar slant (stab and streak
method)
INOCULATING NEEDLE
- Test tube rack
- Slant rack
- Staining rack
RACKS
Uses dry heat to sterilize
heat-stable materials
HOT AIR STERILIZER
For sterilization of media
and other materials
affected by moisture
HOT AIR STERILIZER
Uses moist heat or steam
under pressure
AUTOCLAVE
For sterilization of media
and other materials
affected by moisture
AUTOCLAVE
Not sterile and cannot
be used to sterilize
culture media
DRYING OVEN
For drying specimens
and lab apparatus or
glassware
DRYING OVEN
used for growing
bacterial cultures or
providing suitable
conditions for a
chemical or biological
reaction.
INCUBATOR
It is used in the
microbiological lab for
incubations or enabling
chemical reactions to
occur at higher
temperatures
WATER BATH
Storage for culture media
R.REFRIGERATOR
Preserves the
morphological
characteristics of
microorganisms while
arresting their growth
REFRIGERATOR
An enclosed, ventilated
lab workspace for safely
working with pathogens
requiring a defined
biosafety level
BIOSAFETY CABINET (BSC)
