Microorganisms

Question 1

Microbes include…

Answer 1

bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microscopic algae, viruses

Question 2

Pathogenic

Answer 2

disease producing

Question 3

Prokarya

Answer 3

-Single-celled
-Cell walls made of peptidoglycan
-divide/multiple via binary fission
-Derive nutrition from organic or inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis

Question 4

Archaea

Answer 4

-Lack peptidoglycan in cell walls
-Live in extreme environments!
-Generally not known to cause human disease

Question 5

Eukarya

Answer 5

-Distinct nucleus
-Chitin cell walls
-Absorb organic chemicals for energy
-Fungi, protozoa, algae

Question 6

Unicellular organisms…

Answer 6

yeasts, molds, mushrooms

Question 7

Protozoa

Answer 7

-May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella
-Free living or parasitic (nutrients from living host)
-Reproduce sexually or asexually

Question 8

Algae

Answer 8

-Cellulose cell walls
-Found in freshwater, saltwater, soil
-Photosynthesis for energy; produces oxygen and carbohydrates
-Sexual and asexual reproduction

Question 9

Viruses

Answer 9

acellular, DNA/RNA inside a protein coat, replicated only inside a living host

Question 10

Immunology

Answer 10

study of the immune system

Question 11

Biofilms

Answer 11

collections of microbes that attach to solid surfaces and grow into masses (plaque)

Question 11

Virology

Answer 11

study of viruses

Question 12

Microbiome

Answer 12

group of microbes that live stably on/in the human body

Question 12

Nomenclature

Answer 12

naming organisms by genus and species name

Question 13

Multicellular animal parasites

Answer 13

flatworms, tapeworms, hookworms

Question 14

Biogenesis

Answer 14

not spontaneous generation;

Question 15

Louis Pasteur

Answer 15

demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air; heat and pasteurization

Question 16

Robert Hooke

Answer 16

came up with cell theory; all living things are composed of cells

Question 17

Antibiotics

Answer 17

chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that kill other microbes

Question 18

Resistance

Answer 18

overuse can lead to it

Question 19

Mycology

Answer 19

study of fungi

Question 20

Parasitology

Answer 20

study of protozoa and parasitic worms

Question 21

Germ Theory of Disease

Question 22

Vaccination

Answer 22

immunization, substance is introduced into the body to produce protection from a specific disease

Question 23

Bioremediation

Answer 23

-Bacteria are cultured in bulk and applied to sewage
-Microbes can be activated to multiply
-Microbes “eat up” pollutants and contaminants allowing for “cleaner” sewage

Question 24

Clostridium difficile

Answer 24

C. diff: Gram positive, causes diarrhea

Question 25

Escherichia coli

Answer 25

E. coli: Gram negative bacillus

Question 26

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 26

staph: -(staphylo=clusters, coccus=spherical) Gram positive

Question 27

Aseptic technique

Answer 27

1. Wash your hands
2. Wear gloves

Question 28

Emerging Infectious Disease (EID)

Answer 28

rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range

Question 29

Prokaryotes

Answer 29

~1-5 µm
-One circular chromosome, not in a membrane (lacks nucleus)
-No histones or organelles
-Divides by binary fission
Bacteria: peptidoglycan cell wall
Achaea: pseudomurein cell wall

Question 30

Eukaryotes

Answer 30

~10-100 µm
-Paired, linear chromosomes, enclosed in a nuclear membrane
-Histones, organelles, polysaccharide cell walls
-Divides by mitosis