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Nutrition and Supporting Sciences > Micronutrients > Flashcards

Micronutrients Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Vitamin A stored?

A

Liver

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2
Q

_________is a precursor to Vitamin A

A

Carotene

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3
Q

Toxic Level of Vitamin A

A

10,000 IU

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4
Q

Functions in Vitamin A

A 
Yellow and Orange Fruits
Dark Green Leafy Vegetables
Fish
Liver
Fortified Skim Milk
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5
Q

Nyctalopia

A

Night Blindness

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6
Q

Xerophthalmia

A

corneal damage

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7
Q

Vitamin A deficiency

A
  • Nyctalopia
  • Xerophthalmia
  • Bitot’s Spots (build of keratin on the conjuctiva)
  • Hyperketaorsis (dry scaly skin)
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8
Q

What is the precursor to vitamin D?

A

Cholesterol

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9
Q

Function of Vitamin D

A

Ca, P metabolism

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10
Q

Sources of Vitamin D

A

Sunlight, egg yolk. fortified milk

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11
Q

Vitamin ___ is one of the least toxic

A

Vitamin E

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12
Q

UL Vitamin E

A

1000 mgs

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13
Q

Functions of Vitamin E

A

Antioxidant

Resists hemolysis

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14
Q

Sources of Vitamin E

A
  • Vegetable oils (cottonseed)
  • Whole grain
  • Green Vegetables
  • Almonds
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15
Q

Vitamin E Deficiency

A

Hemolytic Anemia

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16
Q

Which Vitamin has not shown any toxicity symptoms

A

Vitamin K

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17
Q

Function of Vitamin K

A
  • Forms prothrombin in the liver

- Calcium metabolism

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18
Q

Source of Vitamin K

A

Spinach
Kale
Broccoli
Green leafy vegetable

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19
Q

Vitamin K is affected by

A
  • Mineral oil antibiotics

- Anticoagulants

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20
Q

Functions of Thiamin

A
  • Oxidation of CHO

- Metabolism of pyruvate

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21
Q

When CHO increase, this micronutrient must also increase

A

Thiamin

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22
Q

Sources of Thiamin

A

Grains
Wheat Germ
Pork
Liver

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23
Q

Deficiencies in Thiamin

A

Beriberi
Decrease Erythrocyte transketolase
Increase Plasam Pyruvate

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24
Q

Why are milk sold in an opaque container?

A

-Milk contains riboflavin which is lost in UV light

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25
Q

Functions of Riboflavin

A
  • Energy release from protein

- RBC productions

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26
Q

Sources of Riboflavin

A

Liver, kidney, meat and milk

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27
Q

Deficiency in Riboflavin

A

Growth Failure
Cheilosis
Angular stomatitis
Magenta tongue

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28
Q

Precursor to Niacin

A

Tryptophan

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29
Q

Functions of Niacin

A

Metabolism of CHO, Protein, Fat

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30
Q

Sources of Niacin

A

Protein, Peanuts, ready to eat cereals, Chicken, rice,yeast, milk

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31
Q

Deficiency in Niacin

A

Pallagra

dermatitism diarrhea, dementia

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32
Q

Precursor for Folate

A

PABA

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33
Q

Function of Folate

A
  • DNA synthesis

- Forms RBC in bone marrow

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34
Q

Sources of Folate

A

-Fortified dry cereal,liver, kidney, green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, lentils, beans

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35
Q

Folate deficiency

A
  • Megaloblastic anemia
  • Macrocytic Anemia
  • Diarrhea
  • Fatigue
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36
Q

Pyridoxine (B6) Functions

A
  • Coenzyme in amino acid metabolism
  • Deaminations
  • Transamination
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37
Q

Pyridoxine Sources

A

-Meat, wheat, corn, yeast, pork,liver, ready-to-eat cereals

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38
Q

Sources of B6

A
  • Seizures
  • Aneamia
  • Dermatitis
  • Glossitis
  • Peripheral neuropathy
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39
Q

Vitamin B12

A
  • Conezyme in protein synthesis

- Forms RBC

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40
Q

B12 Sources

A

Liver, meat, milk, kidney, eggs, fish and cheese

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41
Q

B12 Deficiency

A
  • Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia

- Pernicious anemia

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42
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

Occurring after a gastrectomy or removal of the ileum

43
Q

Functions of Pantothenic Acid

A
  • Coenzyme A energy

- Synthesis of Fatty acids

44
Q

Source of Pantothenic Acid

A

-Animal foods, grain and legumes

45
Q

Pantothenic Acid Defieciency

A

Paresthesia in the feet

46
Q

Ascorbic Acid is destroyed by these conditions

A
  • Heat

- Alkaline pH

47
Q

Function of Vitamin C

A

-Changes Proline into hydroxyproline int collages which strengthens intercellular susbtance

48
Q

Sources of Vitamin C

A
  • Citrus Fruits
  • Potatoes
  • Papaya
  • Dark green ans yellow vegetables
49
Q

These micronutrients are synthesized by intestinal bacteria

A

-Biotin and B12

50
Q

Which substance inactivated Biotin?

A

avidin which is a protein in raw egg white

51
Q

Function of Biotin

A
  • Coenzyme in fatty acid synthesis

- Converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis

52
Q

Sources of Biotin

A

-liver, kidney, egg yolk and yeast

53
Q

Deficiencies in Biotin

A

-muscle pain, dermatitis, glossitiss

54
Q

Function of Myo-Inositol

A

-Binds calcium, zinc, iron membrane structure

55
Q

Sources of Myo-Inositol

A

Outer husks of cereal grain, leaf green vegetables

56
Q

This mineral is the most abundant

57
Q

These substances aid in the absorption of calcium

A
  • Acid
  • Vitamin D
  • Lactose
58
Q

How does calcitonin lower serum calcium?

A

-Calcitonin lower serum calcium by inhibiting bone resoption

59
Q

Functions of Calcium

A
  • Blood Clotting
  • Cardiac Function
  • Nerve Transmission
  • Smooth Muscle Contractility
60
Q

Hypocalcemia lead to this__________

A

Tetany (stift muscles)

61
Q

What is the second most abundant mineral in the body?

A

Phosphorus

62
Q

Function of Phosphorus

A

-Make u phospholipids which transport fat through lymph and blood

63
Q

Sources of Phosphorus

A

-Meat, milk, poultry, eggs,fish and cheese

64
Q

Name for Food Iron

65
Q

Name for Absorbable Iron

66
Q

Name for stored iron

67
Q

Function of Iron

A

Oxygen Transports

68
Q

Source of heme-iron

A

-Meat, fish and poultry

69
Q

Sources of non-heme iron

A

-cereals, vegetables

70
Q

These food do not aid the absoption of Iron

A
  • Eggs
  • Tea
  • Milk
  • Cheese
71
Q

Symptoms of iron deficiency

A
  • Pale tongue
  • Fatigues
  • Anemia
  • Spoon-shaped nails
  • Pale conjuctivae
72
Q

Where is magnesium stored in the body?

A

50 bone

50% Cells

73
Q

Functions of Magnesium

A

Protein and Fatty Acid Synthesis

Stabilizes structure of ATP

74
Q

These nutrients increase need for magnesium

A

Protein, Calcium and Vitamin D

75
Q

Sources of Megnesium

A

Milk, Bread

76
Q

Magnesium Deficiency

77
Q

An excess intake of Zinc can lead to a deficiency in these micronutrients

A

Copper and Iron

78
Q

Functions of ZInc

A

Increases taste acuity
Enhances insulin action
Stabilizes RNA,DNA
Cell Division

79
Q

Source of Zinc

A

Meat, Liver, eggs, fish

80
Q

Zinc Deficiency

A

Reduced Immune Fucntion
Alopecia
Poor wound Healing
Hypogeusia

81
Q

This mineral is part of thyoxine

82
Q

Iodine Dificiency

83
Q

This mineral is attached to protein

84
Q

Functions of Copper

A
  • Hemoglobin Synthesis

- Aids in iron absorption

85
Q

Sources of Copper

A
  • Liver
  • Kidney
  • Shellfish
86
Q

Copper Deficiency

A
  • Microcytic anemia

- neutropenia

87
Q

Wilson’s Disease

A

Genetic Conditions in which the enzyme required to metabolize cooper is absent. Consequently, the mineral build up in the liver, brain and eyes and the individual affected experiences low serum copper

88
Q

Functions of Selenium

A
  • Antioxidant

- Tissue Respiration

89
Q

Sources of Selenium

A

Soil,grains, meat, fish, poultry and dairy

90
Q

Selenium Deficiency

A

Myalgia

Cardiac Myopathy

91
Q

Manganese Functions

92
Q

Maganese Sources

A

Whole grains, legumes and nuts

93
Q

Which vitamin enhances the absorption of Chromium?

A

Vitamin C and Niacin

94
Q

Functions of Chromium

A
  • Aids insulin action

- Glucose metabolism

95
Q

Sources of Chromium

A

yeast
oysters
potatoes

96
Q

Chromium Deficiency

A

-Insulin Resistance

97
Q

Poor intake of cobalt can lead to this

A

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

98
Q

Function of Cobalt

A

Maturation of Red Blood Cells

99
Q

Sulfur is a component of these amino acids

A

cysteine, cystine, methinine

100
Q

Source of Sulfur

A

Meat,fish, eggs, poultry

101
Q

This mineral is component of lecithin

102
Q

Function of Choline

A

Transport of Lipids in acetylcholine

103
Q

Souces of Cholines

A

Fat in eggs, milk, liver and soybeans

Nutrition and Supporting Sciences (7 decks)

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