Digestions, Absorption and Metabolism

Question 1

Which hormone stimulate the pancreas to release bile?

Answer 1

CCK

Question 2

Which hormone stimulates the flow of pancreatic juice into the duodenum and inhibits gastric secretions?

Answer 2

Secretin

Question 3

Which hormone stimulate insulin resistance and release?

Answer 3

GLP-1 and GIP

Question 4

Where does the bulk of digestion take place?

Answer 4

Jejunum

Question 5

Which vitamins are absorbed in the colon?

Answer 5

Vitamins synthesized by bacteria (K, B12, thiamin and riboflavin)

Question 6

Where are SCFA produced?

Answer 6

Colon

Question 7

In the mouth, starch is converted into what?

Answer 7

Maltose

Question 8

What is the most glucogenic amino acid?

Answer 8

Alanine

Question 9

What percent of fat can be converted into glucose?

Answer 9

10%

Question 10

Anabolic Pathways that use Glucose

Answer 10

• Glycogenesis

- Lipogensis

Question 11

Which hormone helps to turn protein into glucose?

Answer 11

GLucocorticoids

Question 12

Function of Epinephrine

Answer 12

• Stimulate glycogenolysis

- Decrease release of insulin from pancreas during catabolic stess; blood glucose rises.

Question 13

The end products of metabolism are

Answer 13

• Energy
• CO2
• Water

Question 14

Which element is needed to convert Glucose into Glucose-6-phosphate?

Answer 14

Magnesium

Question 15

Which compound is produce in the pentose shunt which is essential for the production of FA?

Answer 15

NADPH

Question 16

When lactic acid used?

Answer 16

Used for muscle contractions when energy needs exceed supply of oxygen

Question 17

What is the Cori Cycle?

Answer 17

-Process in which lactate is released from tissues, tranported to the liver and converted back to pyruvate.

Question 18

Conponents required for the krebs cycle

Answer 18

• Thiamin
• Niacin
• Riboflavin
• Pantothenic Acid
• Magneium
• Lipoic Acid

Question 19

What are the sources for Acetyl CoA for the Krebs cycle?

Answer 19

• Pyruvic Acid
• Oxidation of Fatty Acids
• Degradation of carbon skeleton of certain amino acids

Question 20

Compound that reacts with acetyl-CoA to start the Krebs

Answer 20

-Oxaloacetic Acid

Question 21

What happens if there is not enough oxaloacetic acid coming from CHO to maintain the krebs cycle?

Answer 21

acetyl coA comign from fat cannot be hadled properly and is diverted to form a ketone body

Question 22

How much ATP can be produced from 1 molecule of glucose?

Answer 22

38

Question 23

________ is needed for the transport of amino acids

Answer 23

pyridoxine

Question 24

Branched Chain Amino Acids

Answer 24

-Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine

Question 25

What is the first step in a deamination?

Answer 25

-Removva of NH2

Question 26

Where does amonia go?

Answer 26

• Coverted in urea and excreted in the kidney
• Some converted into purines
• Some used to make nonessential amini acids

Question 27

Transamination

Answer 27

Transfer of amino group to a ketoacid to form a new amino acid

Question 28

What is required for lypogenesis to start?

Answer 28

-NADPH

Question 29

How is fat acummulation in the liver prevented?

Answer 29

-Lipotropic factors (choline) prduce lipoproteins

Question 30

How are most nutrients absorbed?

Answer 30

Active transport

Question 31

How are water soluble nutrients transported?

Answer 31

Passive DIffussion

Question 32

Factors that aid in the absoption of Vitamin A

Answer 32

Bile salts
Pancreatic Lipase
Fat

Question 33

Factors that aid in the absoprtion of Vitamin D

Answer 33

Bile salts, Acidity of Chyme

Question 34

Factors that aid in the absoprtion of Ribolfavin

Answer 34

Phosphorus

Question 35

Factors that aid in the Vitamin B12

Answer 35

Ileum

Stomach Secretions

Question 36

Factors that aid in the absorption of iron

Answer 36

HCL

Calcium

Question 37

Folate is depedant of this mineral

Answer 37

Zinc

Question 38

Low levels of serotonin lead to this

Answer 38

-Increased carbohydrate appetite