Digestions, Absorption and Metabolism Flashcards
Which hormone stimulate the pancreas to release bile?
CCK
Which hormone stimulates the flow of pancreatic juice into the duodenum and inhibits gastric secretions?
Secretin
Which hormone stimulate insulin resistance and release?
GLP-1 and GIP
Where does the bulk of digestion take place?
Jejunum
Which vitamins are absorbed in the colon?
Vitamins synthesized by bacteria (K, B12, thiamin and riboflavin)
Where are SCFA produced?
Colon
In the mouth, starch is converted into what?
Maltose
What is the most glucogenic amino acid?
Alanine
What percent of fat can be converted into glucose?
10%
Anabolic Pathways that use Glucose
- Glycogenesis
- Lipogensis
Which hormone helps to turn protein into glucose?
GLucocorticoids
Function of Epinephrine
- Stimulate glycogenolysis
- Decrease release of insulin from pancreas during catabolic stess; blood glucose rises.
The end products of metabolism are
- Energy
- CO2
- Water
Which element is needed to convert Glucose into Glucose-6-phosphate?
Magnesium
Which compound is produce in the pentose shunt which is essential for the production of FA?
NADPH
When lactic acid used?
Used for muscle contractions when energy needs exceed supply of oxygen
What is the Cori Cycle?
-Process in which lactate is released from tissues, tranported to the liver and converted back to pyruvate.
Conponents required for the krebs cycle
- Thiamin
- Niacin
- Riboflavin
- Pantothenic Acid
- Magneium
- Lipoic Acid
What are the sources for Acetyl CoA for the Krebs cycle?
- Pyruvic Acid
- Oxidation of Fatty Acids
- Degradation of carbon skeleton of certain amino acids
Compound that reacts with acetyl-CoA to start the Krebs
-Oxaloacetic Acid
What happens if there is not enough oxaloacetic acid coming from CHO to maintain the krebs cycle?
acetyl coA comign from fat cannot be hadled properly and is diverted to form a ketone body
How much ATP can be produced from 1 molecule of glucose?
38
________ is needed for the transport of amino acids
pyridoxine
Branched Chain Amino Acids
-Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine
What is the first step in a deamination?
-Removva of NH2
Where does amonia go?
- Coverted in urea and excreted in the kidney
- Some converted into purines
- Some used to make nonessential amini acids
Transamination
Transfer of amino group to a ketoacid to form a new amino acid
What is required for lypogenesis to start?
-NADPH
How is fat acummulation in the liver prevented?
-Lipotropic factors (choline) prduce lipoproteins
How are most nutrients absorbed?
Active transport
How are water soluble nutrients transported?
Passive DIffussion
Factors that aid in the absoption of Vitamin A
Bile salts
Pancreatic Lipase
Fat
Factors that aid in the absoprtion of Vitamin D
Bile salts, Acidity of Chyme
Factors that aid in the absoprtion of Ribolfavin
Phosphorus
Factors that aid in the Vitamin B12
Ileum
Stomach Secretions
Factors that aid in the absorption of iron
HCL
Calcium
Folate is depedant of this mineral
Zinc
Low levels of serotonin lead to this
-Increased carbohydrate appetite
