Micronutrients

Question 1

vit + minerals vital for

Answer 1

building blocks/ promotes normal growth
cofactors in enzymes
oxidative metabolism
immunity

Question 2

what are the fat soluble vit. and what are the characteristics of them (stored, how often eaten)

Answer 2

ADKE

more easily absorbed when consumed w dietary fats
stored in liver + fatty tissues
don’t need to eat everyday

Question 3

Vit. A precursor and functions

Answer 3

pre- betacarotene

functions- vision(light perception), healthy teeth/bones, skin, immune function, cell development

Question 4

Vit. D- form, functions, too little too much

Answer 4

form- calcitriol
functions- calcium regeneration w/ Ca lvls high, bone integrity, hormones

little-rickets, weak type 11 fibres, impaired contraction, decreased strength
much-dangerous to soft tissue but better performance

Question 5

Vit E functions

Answer 5

antioxidant (incorporated in body cellular membrane)

Immune function

Question 6

Vit K fictions, too little, too much

Answer 6

functions- blood clotting, synthesis of bone pro.

too little- infannts
too much- infants/preg women

Question 7

water soluble vitamins (how much stored, can it be toxic)

Answer 7

not stored execcively, must be consumed reg., can’t reach toxic lvls.

Question 8

Vit. C functions

Answer 8

antioxidant, immune functioning, produces collegen, maintain cartilage/bone, blood vessel walls

Question 9

Vit B functions

Answer 9

catalyzes metabolism of fat, pro, carbs, energy production

Question 10

B coenzymes for 1. metabolism, AA, Cell proliferation

Answer 10

metabolism- thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin

AA- B6

Cell pro.- B12, Folate

Question 11

Calcium characteristics( where stored, how much taken at one time)

Answer 11

99% stored in bones/teeth (most abundant mineral)

no more than 500mg should be taken at one time

Question 12

important roles of calcium

Answer 12

Bone structure

bone calcium serves as bank to release whenever needed

Question 13

role of calcium in body fluids

Answer 13

regulate transport of ions across membranes
helps maintain normal BP
essential in muscle contraction
allows for sec. of hormones/enzymes

Question 14

Phosphorus (where stored + roles)

Answer 14

majority in bones/teeth (2nd most abundant)

helps maintain acid/base balance
part of DNA / RNA
Carry store release energy ATP
Assist many enzymes

Question 15

Magnisum roles and effect on ex.

Answer 15

cofactor for many rxns, assists w/ release of energy, helps maintain calc/potas balance, structural component of bones

if have low lvls more ox. is required during ex. and may fatigue quicker

Question 16

Sodium roles

Answer 16

major part of fluid/electrolyte balance
maintain acid/base balance
essential to muscle contraction

Question 17

Potassium roles

Answer 17

fluid/ electrolyte balance
nerve transmission
heart beat maintenance

Question 18

Chloride roles

Answer 18

crit. for fluid balance

part of stomach acid

Question 19

Sulfur roles

Answer 19

helps pro assume their shape

Question 20

Iron roles

Answer 20

carries ox., growth and development

Essential for hemoglobin/ myoglobin

Question 21

2 forms of heme (bioavailability + from where + what can triple absorption)

Answer 21

heme- from animals, 10-35%

non heme- from plants, 2-10%

vit c can triple