Micronutrients

Question 1

provide a list of water soluble vitamins

Answer 1

B vitamins = thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pyridoxine (B6), folate (folic acid), vitamin B12 (cobalamin), biotin (B7), pantothenic acid (B5), vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Question 2

describe thiamin

Answer 2

combines w/ phosphorus to form thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) = thiamin + phosphorus; necessary for macronutrient metabolism
* Lost during cooking/heat stable in acid

RDA = 0.9 -1.1 (W); 0.9-1.2 (M)

Question 3

what happens w/ a thiamin deficiency?

Answer 3

deficiency is rare, but may occur in alcoholics d/t inadequate intake and impaired absorption

include: confusion, polyneuritis (inflammation of many nerves simultaneously), and nystagmus (jerky movements of the eyes)

wet beriberi - high output CHF, cardiomyopathy, tachycardia, peripheral edema

dry beriberi - weakness, paresthesias, loss of deep tendon reflexes, possible atrophic, tender muscles

Question 4

describe riboflavin

Answer 4

functions as a coenzyme in numerous redox reactions (FMN/FAD); closely related to niacin in functions related to energy metabolism; needed for RBC production

riboflavin is needed for conversion of tryptophan —–> niacin

required in tissue oxidation and respiration; essential for growth

Question 5

what are some sources of thiamin?

Answer 5

pork, wheat, germ, whole and enriched grains

Question 6

what happens w/ a deficiency of riboflavin?

Answer 6

photophobia, loss of visual acuity, burning and itching eyes, chelosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis

Question 7

what are some sources of riboflavin?

Answer 7

milk, cheese, eggs, organ meats, green leafy vegetables

Question 8

describe niacin

Answer 8

coenzymes NADH & NADPH function as cnetral electron carriers; involved in metabolism of CHO, fatty acids and protein

tryptophan is a precursor to niacin + seratonin; deficiency in tryptophan would result in a seratonin deficiency

the liver can make niacin from tryptophan (60 mg = 1 mg niacin)

necessary for synthesis of glycogen and synthesis and breakdown of fatty acids

Question 9

deficiency symptoms of niacin

Answer 9

pellegra - apathy, anorexia, symmetrical, pigmented rash in sunlight, beefy, bright red tongue

4 D’s = dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death

Question 10

sources of niacin

Answer 10

lean meats, poultry, peanuts, ready-to-eat cereals, fish, rice, yeast, milk