Micronutrients Flashcards
What are these?
calcium, phosphorus, chloride, magnesium, potassium and sodium
major minerals
important for healthy bones, teeth, muscles and fluid balance in
the body
vitamin C and B-complex vitamins
water-soluble vitamins
vitamins A, D, E, K
fat-soluble vitamins
A & E - comes from food, think bowel movement (A & E are vowels)
chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, selenium and zinc
trace minerals
microorganisms in the intestine
gut flora
can produce vitamin K and biotin
vitamin A can be produced from…
beta carotene
niacin can be produced from…
amino acid tryptophan
Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the intestinal tract with the help of…
lipids (fats)
Retinol; Carotenoids
vitamin A
helps form and maintains healthy teeth, skeletal
and soft tissue, mucous membranes, and skin. It is also known
as retinol because it produces the pigments of the eye called
retina
- promotes good vision, especially in low light. It may
also be needed for reproduction and breast-feeding
vitamin A
Thiamine
vitamin B1
It helps the body cells convert carbohydrates into energy. It is also
essential for the functioning of the heart, muscles, and nervous system.
Thiamine (vitamin B1)
A deficiency of this can cause weakness, fatigue,
psychosis, and nerve damage.
thiamine
It is found in fortified breads, cereals, pasta,
whole grains (especially wheat germ), lean meats
(especially pork), fish, dried beans, peas, and
soybeans.
thiamine
Riboflavin
vitamin B2
It is important for body growth and red
blood cell production and helps in releasing energy from carbohydrates.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
Lean meats, eggs, legumes, nuts, green leafy vegetables, dairy products, and milk provide which vitamin?
Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
Deficiency syndromes include sore throat, swelling of
mucous membranes, mouth or lip sores, anemia, and skin disorders. These deficiencies occur
when there is not enough food and more common in developing countries. Which vitamin is this?
Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
Niacin or Nicotinic acid
vitamin B3
It assists in the functioning of the digestive system,
skin, and nerves. It is also important for the conversion of
food to energy.
vitamin B3
A deficiency of this causes inflamed skin, digestive problems,
and mental impairment
vitamin B3 (niacin)
Large doses of this can cause liver damage,
peptic ulcers and skin rashes.
vitamin B3 (niacin)
Panthonetic acid or Biotin
vitamin B5
It helps break down carbohydrates, proteins, and
fats.
vitamin B5
Pyrodoxine
Vitamin B6
It helps the immune system produce antibodies. It helps maintain normal nerve function and form red blood cells.
Vitamin B6
Large doses of this can cause neurological disorders and
numbness. Deficiency of this vitamin can cause mouth and tongue sores,
irritability, confusion, and depression.
Vitamin B6
Folic acid or Folate
Vitamin B9
Taking the right amount of this vitamin before and during pregnancy helps
prevent certain birth defects.
Vitamin B9 (folate or folic acid)
Deficiency of this vitamin may cause poor growth,
gray hair, mouth ulcers, peptic ulcer, and diarrhea.
Vitamin B9
Cobalamin
Vitamin B12
People who follow a strict vegetarian or vegan diet and do not consume eggs or dairy products may require
supplements of this vitamin
Vitamin B12
Ascorbic acid
vitamin C
It is required for the growth and repair of tissues in all parts of your body
vitamin C
Nutrients that block some of the damage caused by free radicals,
which are by-products that result when our
bodies transform food into energy.
Antioxidants (like vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene)
green peppers, citrus fruits and juices, strawberries, tomatoes,
broccoli, turnip greens and other leafy greens, sweet and white potatoes, and cantaloupe. Other excellent sources include papaya, mango, watermelon, brussels sprouts, cauliflower,
cabbages, raspberries, blueberries, cranberries, and pineapples.
highest
sources of vitamin C
Sunshine Vitamin
vitamin D
It helps the body keep the right amount of calcium and phosphorus in the blood.
vitamin D
It is important in the formation of red
blood cells and helps the body to use vitamin K.
vitamin E
known as the clotting vitamin
Vitamin K
Found in cabbage, cauliflower, spinach
and other green leafy vegetables, cereals,
soybeans, and other vegetables. It is also
made by the bacteria that line the gastrointestinal
tract.
vitamin K
Which vitamin helps the body break down and use new proteins?
Vitamin B9
Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin with the help of sunlight? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin D d) Vitamin E e) Vitamin K
Vitamin D
Which vitamin is an antioxidant that protects body tissue from free radicals? a) Vitamin B2 b) Vitamin B3 c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin E e) Vitamin K
d) Vitamin E
Which vitamin is essential for the formation of red blood cells and DNA? a) Vitamin B1 b) Vitamin B2 c) Vitamin B6 d) Vitamin B9 e) Vitamin B12
d) vitamin B9
Which vitamin is also known as thiamine and helps in the functioning of the nervous system and the production of energy from carbohydrates? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B1 c) Vitamin B5 d) Vitamin B6 e) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin B1
Which vitamin is also known as pantothenic acid or biotin and helps in the growth and repair of tissues? a) Vitamin B2 b) Vitamin B3 c) Vitamin B5 d) Vitamin B9 e) Vitamin D
Answer: c) Vitamin B5
Which vitamin is also known as cobalamin and helps in the maintenance of the central nervous system and the formation of red blood cells? a) Vitamin B1 b) Vitamin B6 c) Vitamin B9 d) Vitamin B12 e) Vitamin C Answer:
d) Vitamin B12
Which vitamin is also known as folic acid or folate and helps in the prevention of certain birth defects? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B3 c) Vitamin B6 d) Vitamin B9 e) Vitamin E Answer:
d) Vitamin B9
Which vitamin is also known as the sunshine vitamin because it can be synthesized in the skin with the help of sunlight? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin D d) Vitamin E e) Vitamin K Answer:
c) Vitamin D
Which vitamin is also known as ascorbic acid and is important for the growth and repair of tissues and the production of collagen? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B2 c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin D e) Vitamin E Answer:
c) Vitamin C
Which vitamin is also known as retinol and helps in the formation and maintenance of healthy skin, teeth, and mucous membranes? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B1 c) Vitamin B5 d) Vitamin B6 e) Vitamin K Answer:
a) Vitamin A
Which vitamin is also known as tocopherol and is an antioxidant that protects body tissue from damage caused by free radicals? a) Vitamin B3 b) Vitamin B9 c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin D e) Vitamin E Answer:
e) Vitamin E
Which vitamin is also known as phylloquinone or menaquinone and is important for the clotting of blood and the synthesis of bone proteins? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B6 c) Vitamin B12 d) Vitamin K e) Vitamin C Answer:
d) Vitamin K
Which vitamin is also known as pyridoxine and helps in the metabolism of proteins and the production of antibodies? a) Vitamin B1 b) Vitamin B2 c) Vitamin B6 d) Vitamin B9 e) Vitamin D Answer: c)
Vitamin B6
Which vitamin is essential for the growth and repair of tissues in all parts of the body and helps in the synthesis of collagen and iron absorption?
A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin B1 C) Vitamin B6 D) Vitamin C E) Vitamin D
D) vitamin C
