Macronutrients

Question 1

carbohydrates, protein,
and fats

Answer 1

macronutrients

Question 2

necessary for building the tissues in your
body including all of the muscles, organs, skin and the
parts of the immune system

Answer 2

protein

Question 3

include sugar, starch and fiber

Answer 3

Carbohydrates

Question 4

needed for the membranes that surround all the cells in your body, for normal brain
and nerve function and for signaling hormones

Answer 4

Fats

Question 5

main source of energy for the
body

Answer 5

Carbohydrates

Question 6

little molecules made up of one or two sugar units

Answer 6

Simple sugars

Question 7

In nutrition, the most
basic simple sugar is…

Answer 7

glucose

Question 8

It is called a monosaccharide, which means “single sugar”

Answer 8

glucose

Question 9

glucose,
fructose and galactose

Answer 9

single sugars

Question 10

a term that means “two
sugars”

Answer 10

disaccharides

Question 11

lactose, sucrose, maltose

Answer 11

disaccharides

Question 12

lactose

Answer 12

milk sugar

Question 13

sucrose

Answer 13

table sugar

Question 14

long chains of the single sugar units

Answer 14

complex carbohydrates

Question 15

starch, glycogen, cellulose,

Answer 15

complex carbohydrates

Question 16

They are not
water-soluble and require digestive
enzymes called amylases to break them apart.

Answer 16

starches

Question 17

energy storage form of
carbohydrates found in plants,
especially in the seeds and roots.

Answer 17

Starch

Question 18

energy storage form of glucose found in the muscles and livers of animals

Answer 18

Glycogen

Question 19

structural component of plants
-one of the important components of fiber

Answer 19

Cellulose

Question 20

It is the main source of fuel for daily activity

Answer 20

glucose

Question 21

One gram of carbohydrate, whether
it is sugar or starch, contains how many calories?

Answer 21

4 calories

Question 22

foods that have lots of calories with little or no nutrition

Answer 22

empty calories

Question 23

necessary for building the
structural components of the human body

Answer 23

Proteins

Question 24

large molecules made up of several
building blocks called amino acids

Answer 24

proteins

Question 25

carboxyl group of atoms, an amine group and a side chain

Answer 25

amino acid molecule

Question 26

one carbon, two oxygen, and one hydrogen atom

Answer 26

carboxyl group

Question 27

one nitrogen atom with two hydrogen atoms

Answer 27

amine group

Question 28

small chains of amino acids

Answer 28

peptides

Question 29

nine amino acids that you must get from your diet

Answer 29

essential amino acids

Question 30

 Alanine  Arginine  Asparagine  Aspartic Acid  Cysteine  Glutamic Acid  Glutamine  Glycine  Proline  Serine  Tyrosine

Answer 30

non-essential amino acids

Question 31

 Histidine  Isoleucine  Leucine  Lysine  Methionine  Phenylalanine  Threonine  Tryptophan  Valine

Answer 31

essential amino acids

Question 32

Animal sources of protein such as meat, eggs, and dairy products are ___ proteins

Answer 32

complete proteins

Question 33

Plant proteins are called "___ proteins."

Answer 33

incomplete proteins

Question 34

Severe protein deficiency is called ...

Answer 34

kwashiorkor

Question 35

refers to ketones that your body makes when protein is used as a fuel

Answer 35

Ketogenic

Question 36

saturated fats vs unsaturated fats. which is healthy?

Answer 36

unsaturated fats

Question 37

substance in food that provides a rich texture and flavor

Answer 37

fats

Question 38

Fats and oils are made up of individual molecules called ...

Answer 38

fatty acids

Question 39

Most of the fats in the food you eat are called ...

Answer 39

triglycerides

Question 40

Most trans fats are created artificially by a process called ...

Answer 40

hydrogenation

Question 41

What is the term for a protein that promotes chemical reactions in the body? A) Hormone B) Enzyme C) Antibody D) Neurotransmitter E) Peptide

Answer 41

Answer: B) Enzyme

Question 42

What is the name of the process that turns vegetable oil into a solid substance by adding hydrogen atoms to the unsaturated fatty acids? A) Hydrolysis B) Hydrogenation C) Hydration D) Hydroxylation E) Hydrophobicity

Answer 42

Answer: B) Hydrogenation

Question 43

What are the four fat-soluble vitamins that fats provide us with? A) A, B, C, D B) A, D, E, K C) B, C, E, K D) C, D, F, G E) D, E, F, K

Answer 43

Answer: B) A, D, E, K

Question 44

What is the name of the storage form of glucose found in the muscles and livers of animals? A) Starch B) Cellulose C) Glycogen D) Glucose E) Sucrose

Answer 44

Answer: C) Glycogen

Question 45

What are the two types of configurations of hydrogen atoms on either side of the double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids? A) Alpha and beta B) Cis and trans C) Left and right D) Up and down E) In and out

Answer 45

Answer: B) Cis and trans

Question 46

What is the term for a carbohydrate that is made up of many glucose units linked together? A) Starch B) Sucrose C) Fructose D) Cellulose E) Glycogen

Answer 46

Answer: A) Starch

Question 47

What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down starch into glucose in the mouth and the small intestine? A) Amylase B) Pepsin C) Trypsin D) Lipase E) Lactase

Answer 47

Answer: A) Amylase

Question 48

What are the two types of protein sources, based on their amino acid content? A) Complete and incomplete B) Essential and non-essential C) Animal and plant D) Saturated and unsaturated E) Simple and complex

Answer 48

Answer: A) Complete and incomplete

Question 49

What is the name of the fatty acid that has two or more double bonds in its carbon chain? A) Saturated B) Monounsaturated C) Polyunsaturated D) Trans E) Hydrogenated

Answer 49

Answer: C) Polyunsaturated

Question 50

What is the term for a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body? A) Hormone B) Enzyme C) Antibody D) Neurotransmitter E) Peptide

Answer 50

Answer: B) Enzyme

Question 51

What is the term for a fat that has more than one double bond in its carbon chain and is usually liquid at room temperature? A) Saturated B) Monounsaturated C) Polyunsaturated D) Trans E) Hydrogenated

Answer 51

Answer: C) Polyunsaturated

Question 52

What are the two types of simple sugars that are found in carbohydrates and have different effects on blood sugar levels? A) Soluble and insoluble B) Simple and complex C) Starch and cellulose D) Glucose and fructose E) Alpha and beta

Answer 52

Answer: D) Glucose and fructose