Microminerals

Question 1

Name 3 agonsits of calcium

Answer 1

growth (increased absorption)
food components
vitamin D (helps formulation of calbindin)

Question 2

Name 4 antagonists of calcium

Answer 2

caffeine (^ secrection of calcium for excretion)

Fibre + phytates (bind with calcium )

oestrogen deficiency (diminishes Ca absorption to 15-20% due to decreased calcitrol production)

Mg & Zn (competitors for absorption)

Question 3

Name the 3 main hormones involved in Ca homeostasis

Answer 3

PTH (parathyroid glands)

Vitamin D

Calcitoin (thyroid gland)

Question 4

Name 2 forms of calcium supplements

Answer 4

Calcium Carbonate

Calcium citrate

Question 5

Name 3 forms of magnesium,

Answer 5

Magnesium sulphate (Epsom salts)

Magnesium oxide

Magnesium chloride

Question 6

Name food sources of magnesium

Answer 6

Legumes
Oats
Green Leafy Vegetables
Wholegrains

Question 7

Name 2 agonists of Mg

Answer 7

protein (increase uptake)

Vitamin D (increase Mg absorbed through active transport )

Question 8

Name 3 antagonists of Mg

Answer 8

Phytates & non-fermentable fibres (decrease Mg absorption)

Iron & Mg supplementation together (decreases Mg uptake)

High Phosphorus (lowers Mg intake forms unabsorbable complex)

Question 9

Name the 2 forms of phosphorous

Answer 9

Organically bound (needs to be hydrolysed to free phosphorous. Found in phytic acid)

Types in body

Question 10

Name 2 agonists of phosphorous

Answer 10

vitamin D

Zinc

Question 11

Name 2 antagonists of phosphorous

Answer 11

Phytic acid

Excessive intake of Mg, Ca + aluminium

Question 12

What mineral does sodium increase the excretion of?

Answer 12

Calcium

Question 13

What mineral decreases the excretion of calcium?

Answer 13

Potassium

Question 14

What mineral is the angonist of potassium?

Answer 14

Sodium

Question 15

Main forms of phosphorus found in the body are

Answer 15

HPO42-

H2PO4-