MicroLecE2Ch23 Flashcards
What are the parts of Cardiovascular and Lymph systems?
Blood exits heart, circulates throughout body, plasma goes into tissues becoming interstitial fluid and flushes the tissues b/c blood cannot do it
Plasma is the liquid part of blood
Septicemia
Persistent pathogens or their toxins in blood
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response, body’s rxn to toxins in the blood (SIRS)
Fever, rapid heart rate, high white blood cell count
Severe Sepsis
Sepsis + Decreased Blood Pressure (controllable)
Septic Shock
Sepsis + Uncontrollable decreased blood pressure
Can be caused by multiple different organisms
Results in organ failure
Lymphangitis
Sign and symptom of spetic shock
Lymph vessels become inflamed and presents as red streaking on the body
G- sepsis vs. G+ sepsis
G- bacteria is associated w/endotoxin shock – Lipid A if released into bloodstream leads to septicemia and eventually septic shock
G+ bacteris causes most common kind of sepsis – typically contracted in a hospital (nosicomial infection) like by medical device or open wound
Bacterial infections of the heart
Endocarditis: inflammation of the endocardium. Caused by injury to the heart and then bacteria from mouth travels through the bloodstream and to the heart causing infection
1) Subacute bacterial enocarditis: caused by less pathogenic streptococci from mouth. Very slow process of swelling. Tiredness and lethargy
2) Acute bacterial endocarditis: more pathogenic bacteria like S. Aureus from mouth. Faster-progressing, matter of weeks
3) Pericarditis: caused by streptococci
4) Puerperal sepsis: childbirth fever. Transmitted to mother during childbirth, due to tearing of tissue, by doctors and midwives. Not common anymore due to use of aseptic technique
Rheumatic Fever
Inflammation of heart valves and joints
Caused by strep throat
Rare since most people who get strep are put on antibiotics
Tularemia
Caused by Francisella tularensis (G- rod)
Zoonic disease: has a mammal reservoir
Reservoir: deer, rabbits
Vector: deer flies
Bacteria reproduce in phagocytes. Travel to lymph nodes and cause large pockets of pus to build up in lymph nodes and swelling on the body
Location of the disease depends on location of the animal reservoirs
Brucellosis/Undulant Fever
One of most common Zoonic diseases worldwide
Transmitted via milk from infected animal
Every day spike of fever at night that goes away in morning
Self-limiting – will usually go away on its own
Can become chronic and difficult to treat b/c it hides well in the immune system
Anthrax
Caused by Bacillus anthracis
Most commonly found in soil
Not the bacterium that is contracted but its spore
Spore enters body, grows into a vegetative bacteria, and this bacteria produces toxins which kill cells
3 Types –
1) Cutaneous anthrax: from a small cut fetting infected w/endospores. Causes black ulcer on skin. Not fatal and treatable w/antibiotics (20% mortality rate)
2) Gastrointestinal anthrax: eat something w/spores in it. Fever and diarrhea. 50% mortality rate
3) Inhalation/Pulmonary anthrax: most serious and dangerous type. Inhalation of endospores which then get into the lungs. Starts w/flu-like symptoms and fever. 100% mortality rate w/in few days if left untreated. Only way to effectively treat is very rapid treatment w/in 24 hrs
Gangrene
4 stage progression
Not caused by bacteria, caused by ischemia and necrosis
1) Ischemia: loss of blood supply to tissue. Tissue had been damaged or too cold. Loss of oxygen to all the cells in that tissue
2) Necrosis: premature death of tissue due to no oxygen to the cells
3) Gangrene: complete death of all soft tissue
4) Gas Gangrene: caused by Clostridium perfringens, G+ endospore-forming anaerobic rod
Grows in necrotic tissue
Treatment is surgical removal of necrotic tissue and hyperbaric chamber
Scratches/Bites
Pasteurela multocida, Clostridium, Bartonella henslae (Cat Scratch Disease)
Hard to treat b/c it hides inside blood cell so body can’t detect it
Fever, flu-like symptoms
Plague
Caused by Yersinia pestis (G- rod)
Zoonic
Reservoir: rats, ground squirrels, prairie dogs
Vector: flea
3 Types
1) Bubonic Plague: bacterial growth in blood and lymph, causes swelling. Still happens in US in areas where lots of prairie dogs
2) Septicemia Plague: mostly found in the blood. Septic shock
3) Pneumonic Plague: most serious type. Droplets of plague bacteria inhaled into the lungs
