Microbiome and Biology of Bacteria Flashcards
name the normally sterile sites where microorganisms are not found
- blood
- CSF
- pleural fluid
- peritoneal & pericardial fluid
- bone
- joint fluid
- internal body sites
- brain, heart, lymph, etc.
describe the mechanisms by which microbiota provide colonization inhibition/resistance
- compete for space: occupation of specific receptor blocks access by others
- produce inhibiting or damaging substances
- e.g. bacteriocins, lower local pH, etc.
- compete more effectively for resources
- limit availability to pathogens
- stimulate host production of immunomodulatory molecules and anti-inflammatory components
describe unique genetic features of prokaryotes
- basic genome: double stranded DNA: single chromosome
- organization: circular or linear (less common)
- associated proteins: no
- ribosomes: small, 70s
- location: nucleoid
- gene structure: haploid
describe the process of bacteria replication (binary fission)
- replication of chromosome
- proportional increase in cellular contents
- elongation
- separation of chromosome
- invagination of membrane and cell wall
- septum formation
describe the calculation of generation time
g = mean time elapsed divided by number of generations
example: 210 minutes / 10 generations = g = 21 min.
- fast generation times can result in short incubation times before onset of disease
- slow generation times increase time needed for culture
which term best describes the energy and nutritional requirements plus growht environment necessary for pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa and humans?
chemoorganotroph
describe the energy generation pathways for bacteria that undergo aerobic respiration vs anaerobic respiration vs fermentation
describe how a lab determines what is in a clinical specimen
describe the types of bacteriologic media used for clinical microbiology
describe the purpose of mannitol salt agar
