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Micro + Immuno > Immuno Q Bank > Flashcards

Immuno Q Bank Flashcards

1
Q

under what conditions do T cells become anergic?

A

when it interacts with APC in absence of co-stimulatory interactions (CD28/B7)

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2
Q

which CDs do double positive thymocytes contain?

A

CD2, CD3, CD4 and CD8

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3
Q

somatic recombination occurs for which TCR chain first? where in the body is the T cell when this occurs?

A

TCRB

it occurs in the thymus (cortex)

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4
Q

what factor activates NK cells? what cell secretes this factor? what do activated NK cells secrete and what is its role?

A

IL-12 activates NK cells. Dendritic cells (mostly) secrete this.

activated NK cells secrete IFNγ, which drives subset to form TH1 cells

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5
Q

what complements make up classical pathway C5 convertase? Alternative convertase?

A

classical C5 convertase: C4b2a3b

alternative C5 convertase: C3b3bBb

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6
Q

what are the constant regions associated with light chains?

A

kappa and lambda

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7
Q

what heavy chain constant regions exist? what antibodies do they form?

A

delta = IgD

mu = IgM

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8
Q

how many CD79a/b heterodimers are associated with a single mIg?

A

2

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9
Q

which factor initiates clonal expansion of naive CD4+ T cells? What is it secreted by and when? Where does it bind? What is this type of interaction called?

A

IL-2 initiates clonal expansion of naive CD4+ T cells. IL-2 is secreted by naive CD4+ T cells, after it is bound to antigen+APC.

IL-2 binds to the receptor on itself.

This is called cognate interaction.

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10
Q

what does C1 bind to? which results in better activation? why?

A

C1 binds to the Fc region of IgG and IgM

IgM leads to better activation because it is a pentamer

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11
Q

expression of what cytokines and adhesion molecules does macrophage secretion of IL-1 and TNFa induce?

A

VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCP-1 (CCL-2), IL-8, E-selectin

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12
Q

what cells have FcγRI?

A

phagocytes; IgG binds to microbe, which then binds to FcγRI which signals the cell to perform phagocytosis

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13
Q

what cell is the most efficient APC?

A

dendritic cell

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14
Q

in which stage is CD20 expressed? CD19? CD40?

A

CD20 = Pre-B cell

CD19 = Pro-B cell

CD40 = naive/mature B-cells

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15
Q

which 2 cells are fused to form hybridoma?

A

plasma cell and myeloma cell

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16
Q

which antibody isotype has the highest serum concentration?

A

IgG

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17
Q

what is another name for CD154? CD152?

A

CD154 = CD40L

CD152 = CTLA4

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18
Q

what type of isotypes can be generated following switch recombination?

A

IgE, IgG, and IgA

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19
Q

which antibody exists only in membrane bound form?

A

IgD

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20
Q

what complement receptors do mast cells and basophils have?

A

CR3a/4a, CR5a

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21
Q

which is the only antibody isotype not secreted by plasma cells?

A

IgD

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22
Q

where in the body are B-cells located during VDJ recombination?

A

bone marrow

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23
Q

which antibody isotypes are associated with J chain?

A

IgA (dimer) and IgM (pentamer)

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24
Q

which isotype can cross the placenta?

A

IgG

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25
Q

what induces development of Th1 subset? Th2?

A

Th1 = IFNγ

Th2 = IL-4

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26
Q

which complement causes chemotaxis? of which cells?

A

C5a = neutrophils

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27
Q

what do Th2 cells secrete?

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 and TGF-B

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28
Q

which antibody is also known as reaginic antibody?

A

IgE (reaginic = allergic activity)

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29
Q

what does CD28 bind to? on what cell is CD28 located? what is another CD that binds to B7?

A

CD28 binds to B7 (CD80/86)

CD28 is located on the T cell

another CD that binds to B7 is CTLA-4 (CD152), which is inhibitory

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30
Q

what is the role of Properidin?

A

stabilizes C3bBb (C3 convertase)

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31
Q

which receptor is present only on B-cells? why is this significant?

A

CR2; path of Epstein-Barr virus infxn

32
Q

what 2 factors are critical for clonal expansion? what role do they play? what happens if factors are absent?

A

CD28/B7 (B7 = CD80/86); triggers signal transduction that leads to mRNA stabilization for IL-2.

If these factors are absent, the T cells becomes anergic.

33
Q

which complement is an anaphylatoxin not involved in alternative pathway?

A

C4a

34
Q

what is the role of IL-8? what stimulates IL-8 secretion? from what cells is it secreted?

A

chemokine for neutrophils to site of injury

IL-1 and TNF stimulate IL-8 secretion

IL-8 is secreted by endothelial cells and macrophages

35
Q

what does pCTL bind to in order to induce CD8+ T cell activation? What other factor is required for activation?

A

pCTL binds to Class I MHC on autologous cell; IL-12 is required for activation

36
Q

what do active phagocytes primarily secrete? what is the main purpose of cytokine release?

A

TNF, IFNγ

Bring about inflammation by synergistically stimulating other macrophages

37
Q

which 2 isotypes are involved in isotype switching to form all other isotypes? where in the body does this occur?

A

IgM, IgD

it occcurs in the germinal center

38
Q

which cytokine is critical for T cell selection?

A

IL-7

39
Q

what CDs do single positive T cells have? what other receptors?

A

CD2, CD3, CD4 OR CD8 (not both)

TCR

40
Q

which antibody isotypes are found in milk and colostrum? Which is the most prominent?

A

IgA, IgM, IgG

IgA is the most prominent

41
Q

what cells is RAG-1 and RAG-2 expressed in?

A

pro- and pre-B-cells and T-cells

42
Q

which cytokines stimulate iNOS?

A

TNF, IFNγ

43
Q

what do CD8+ T cells release?

A

Perforin and granzymes

44
Q

what does CD40 bind to? where is CD40 located?

A

CD40 (on the APC) binds to CD40L aka CD154 (on the T cell)

45
Q

what genes make up light chain variable regions?

heavy chain?

A

light chain = V, J

heavy chain = V, D, J

46
Q

which complement pathway does factor H act on? which complements does it inactivate?

A

alternative pathway

inactivates C3b, alternative pathway C3 convertase

47
Q

what is the function of C2b?

A

Kinin (increases vascular permeability)

48
Q

what does LFA-1 bind to? on what cell is LFA-1 located?

A

LFA-1 binds to ICAM-1,2,3

LFA-1 is found on T-cells (also macrophages and neutrophils)

49
Q

which antibody isotype is most efficient activator of complement?

A

IgM

50
Q

what important cells have FcƐR? What is the result of IgE binding?

A

Mast cells, basophils, eosinophils; leads to degranulation

51
Q

where is dimeric IgA present? where is the cleaved fragment?

A

dimeric IgA = lamina propria

cleaved fragment = lumen

52
Q

what is the first antigen-associated step in B cell activation?

A

Antigen crosslinking with BCR

53
Q

during which immunization are IgM levels higher than IgG? when does reverse occur?

A

primary immunization = high IgM

secondary immunization = high IgG

54
Q

via what route do B cells enter lymph nodes? Memory B cells? Why are memory B cells different?

A

B-cells enter lymph nodes via HEV

Memory B cells enter via afferent lymphatic because they express little L-selectin

55
Q

what complements make up classical pathway C3 convertase? Alternative?

A

classical C3 convertase = C4b2a

alternative C3 convertase = C3bBb

56
Q

which regulator of terminal pathway is also known as protectin? what is another name for it?

A

CD59, MIRL (membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis)

57
Q

which complement in the terminal pathway polymerizes to form membrane channel?

A

C9

58
Q

what cells express CR1?

A

phagocytes, B-cells, RBC

59
Q

what is the function of MCP-1? what is another name for MCP-1?

A

chemokine that recruits immune cells to site of injury

aka CCL-2

60
Q

what antibody isotypes are present on immature B cells? Mature?

A

immature = IgM

mature = IgM and IgD

61
Q

what cell is CD40 found on? CD40L? What is the role of CD40L?

A

CD40 found on B-cells (and other APCs)

CD40L found on T cells

CD40L helps in isotype switching

62
Q

where is CD28 found? What is its function?

A

CD28 is found on T cells

Its function is co-stimulation to activate T cells

63
Q

what cytokines inhibit Th1 subset?

what cytokines inhibit Th2 subset?

A

inhibit Th1 subset = IL-4, IL-10

inhibit Th2 subset = IFNγ

64
Q

where is the B-cell when alternative splicing occurs?

A

bone marrow

65
Q

what is the difference between a chemokine and chemoattractant?

A

chemokine is a special type of chemoattractant which has a disulfide bridge

66
Q

what makes up the TCR complex?

A

TCR, CD3

67
Q

which receptor do macrophages use for recognizing opsonin? which opsonin acts as signal?

A

CR1, C3b

68
Q

which complements in the classic pathway are cleaved by C1?

A

C2, C4

69
Q

what antibodies are expressed on the surface of plasma cells?

A

none

70
Q

what do Th1 cells secrete?

A

IL-2, TNF, IFNγ

71
Q

name the components of BCR

A

1 mIg (IgD or IgM), 2 CD79 a/b

72
Q

which complement is associated with opsonization?

A

C3b

73
Q

where is IgA distributed?

A

gut, intravascular, secretions

74
Q

what function does CD2 have ini B-cell activation? What cell(s) has CD2 on its surface? What does CD2 bind to?

A

Adhesion between CD4+ T cell and B cell

CD2 is found on T cells and NK cells

CD2 (aka LFA-2) binds to LFA-3 (CD58)

75
Q

what complements does DAF bind to? what convertases?

A

complements = C4b, C3b

convertases = classical + alt. pathway C3 convertase

Micro + Immuno (34 decks)

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