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Elliot > Microbiology Random > Flashcards

Microbiology Random Flashcards

1
Q

Cellulitis?

A

Pasteurella

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2
Q

undulant fever?

A

Brucella

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3
Q

Unpasteurized dairy?

A

Brucella

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4
Q

Dairy products and dogs?

A

Yersenia

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5
Q

Puppies and bloody diarrhea?

A

Campylobacter

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6
Q

Cat scratch disease? Treatment?

A

Bartonella; macrolides and doxycycline

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7
Q

Casseating granulomas and painful ulcers?

A

Francisella– from rabbits (think of radishes underground in video)

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8
Q

Aerosols of cattle; no rash; fever; pneumonia

A

Q fever; Coxiella

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9
Q

Osteomyelitis and cellulitis?

A

Pasteurella

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10
Q

Gray vaginal discharge

A

Gardnerella

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11
Q

Clue cells

A

Gardnerella

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12
Q

Gray discharge– pH?

A

Between 5-6.5

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13
Q

Treatment of gray discharge?

A

Gardnerella– metronidazole

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14
Q

+ whiff test plus clue cells?

A

Gardnerella

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15
Q

Patchy infiltrates on X ray but patient not in bad shape?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

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16
Q

IgM cold agglutinins?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

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17
Q

Bacteria with no cell wall+ eatons agar?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

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18
Q

Treatment of bacteria that causes patchy infiltrates on xray in patient with fever, headache, non productive cough?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia required macrolides or fluoroquinolones

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19
Q

Only bacteria with cholesterol in cell membrane?

A

Mycoplasma

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20
Q

Rash that starts at wrist treatment?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii– RMSF– doxycycline (Rickets tires)

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21
Q

Weil felix agglutination test- this bacteria requires what cofactors

A

CoA(ch) and NAD+ (name of drink)

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22
Q

Causes vasculitis– treatment?

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever– doxycycline

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23
Q

Rash that starts on wrist– spread via?

A

Dermatick–RMSF (dermacenter)

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24
Q

Spread by louse?

A

Rickettsia prowazekii (throwing around louse football)

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25
Q

Rash starts out centrally and spread out sparing face, palms and soles- requires what substances to proliferate?

A

R. prowazekii– NAD+ (name of drink) and CoA (CH)

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26
Q

Palm sole rash Ddx: 3?

A

CARS: Coxsackie a infection; RMSF; Syphilis– drive CARS using palms and soles

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27
Q

Myalgias, pneumonia, centrally located rash– requires?

A

Prowazekii; NAD+ and CoA

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28
Q

Berry like inclusions in cytoplasm?

A

Ehrlichiosis (monocytes with morula)

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29
Q

Monocytes with morula

A

Ehrlichiosis (berry like inclusions)

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30
Q

Histology of Ehrlichiosis?

A

Monocytes with morula

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31
Q

Histology of Anaplasmosis?

A

Granulocytes with morula in cytoplasm

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32
Q

Granulocytes with morula in cytoplasm?

A

Anaplasmosis

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33
Q

No arthropod vector, no rash, fever

A

Coxiella (Curly Q)

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34
Q

Cannot make own ATP; STD?

A

Chlamydia

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35
Q

Chlamydia replication?

A

Replicate in reticulate body; and infect via elementary body

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36
Q

Elementary body?

A

Chlamydia’s enfectious form

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37
Q

Joint pain; sexually active; conjunctivitis– treatment?

A

Chlaymydia– treat with macrolide (ceftriaxone to cover gonorrhaea)

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38
Q

Leading cause of blindness world wide?

A

Chlamydia A-C (blind pirate)

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39
Q

Chlamydia is missing what in cell wall?

A

Muramic acid– so treat with macrolide

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40
Q

Cytoplasmic inclusion seen on giemsa stain? Treatment?

A

Chlamydia– macrolides or doxy

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41
Q

lacks Muramic acid in cell wall– blindness?

A

Chlamydia

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42
Q

Short sudden bursts of coughing, watery discharge from vagina– ?

A

Chlamydia D-K– staccato cough

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43
Q

Enlarged lymph nodes in groin area– start off painless and become painful?

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum L1-L3

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44
Q

Variable gram stain?

A

Gardnerella–treat with KOH prep

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45
Q

Stages 1,2,3 of lyme disease?

A

1) erythema chronicum migrans (bulls eye)– flu like sx
2) Cardiac block with bells palsy
3) Musculoskeletal (arthritis) and neurologic (encephalitis and polyneuropathy)

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46
Q

Host of child tick lyme disease?

A

Mouse

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47
Q

Host of adult tick in Lyme disease?

A

Deer

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48
Q

Central clearing rash– tick? what else uses this tick?

A

Ixode; Babesia is also carried by Ixode tick

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49
Q

AV nodal block after camping trip a few months ago–? Treatment?

A

Doxy (Robbin hood on cycle shooting bow)

Lyme disease

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50
Q

Stain for lyme disease?

A

Wright stain (Sir Wright) and Giemsa

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51
Q

Reddening of eyes but no exudate?– found in?

A

Leptospira interrogans– water contaminated with animal urine (Think surfer)

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52
Q

Jaundice, fever, question mark shaped bacteria?

A

Leptospira

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53
Q

Leptospira looks like on histology?

A

Question mark– duh it’s a spirochete

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54
Q

Bug that can cause kidney dysfunction; found in urine contaminated water?

A

Leptospira

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55
Q

Jaundice, azotemia, fever, hemorrhage, and anemia?

A

Leptospira– Weil’s disease (think Whale) (surfer, with kidney, RBCs)

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56
Q

Weil’s disease?

A

icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis– severe form of jaundice and azotemia associated with leptospira infection

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57
Q

Painless genital ulcer? screen with? confirm with?

A

Syphilis; screen with VDRL; confirm with FTA-ABS

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58
Q

Immune response of syphilis?

A

Th1 even though Treponema is extracellular

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59
Q

Condyloma lata

A

Treponema

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60
Q

Condyloma accumulata

A

HPV

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61
Q

Hallmark of tertiary syph?

A

Gummas (chronic granulomas)

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62
Q

Tabes dorsalis causes neuro issues in wha tpart of spinal cord?

A

Dorsal column

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63
Q

Tertiary syphilis may have what cardiac affect?

A

Aortitis dt vaso vasorum destruction

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64
Q

Charcot joints

A

Tertiary syph– degeneration of weight bearing joints

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65
Q

Positive Romberg test + funny acting pupils

A

Tertiary syphilis

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66
Q

Rash in syphilis is?

A

Palms and soles (also seen in coxsackie A, rickettsia)– drive CARS with palms and soles

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67
Q

Anterior convexing tibia in newborn?

A

Congential syph– saber shins

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68
Q

Saddle nose?

A

Congenital syph

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69
Q

Teeth in congenital syph (2)?

A

mulberry molars and hutchinson teeth

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70
Q

Placental transmission of syph usually occurs when?

A

First trimester

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71
Q

Tree barking aorta?

A

Tertiary syphilis– vaso vasorum destruction leads to aortitis

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72
Q

Causes false positive in VDRL syph test?

A

Viruses (mono, hep); Drugs; Rheumatic fever; Lupus, leprosy

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73
Q

Another screening test for syph other than VDRL?

A

RPR

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74
Q

Cause of reaction that begins after treatment of syphilis?

A

Killed bacteria releases pyrogens– Jarisch Herxheimer reaction

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75
Q

Maculopapular rash (5)

A

Measles, Rubella, Scarlet fever, Syphilis, Parvo B19

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76
Q

Rash caused by Rubella?

A

Maculopapular

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77
Q

Rash caused by Scarlet fever?

A

Maculopapular

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78
Q

Rash caused by Syphilis?

A

Maculopapular

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79
Q

Cranial nerve defect in congenital syph?

A

Deafness (8)

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80
Q

Baby born with weird teeth and deaf?

A

Syph

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81
Q

Gram positive abscess formation?

A

Staph aureus

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82
Q

Protein A virulence factor?

A

Staph aureus

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83
Q

Virulence factor of Staph?

A

Protein A

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84
Q

Mechanism of protein A

A

binds Fc-IgG inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis— STAPH

85
Q

Treatment of resistant strains of gm+ organism with protein A virulence factor?

A

Vancoymycin (staph)

86
Q

Mech of TSST superantigen?

A

binds MHCII and TCR resulting in polyclonal t cell activation (Staph)

87
Q

Widespread formation of fluid filled blisters with formation of blisters within minutes of rubbing skin?

A

Staph– caused by exfoliative toxin (scalded skin)

88
Q

Bunch of people at picnic get sick from potato salad– toxin?

A

Staph– Enterotoxin

89
Q

Fever, vomiting, desquamating rash, dec blood pressure?

A

TSST superantigen found in Staph- binds mhcII and TCR resulting in polyclonal t cell activation

90
Q

Pneumonia with patchy infiltrates

A

M. pneumonia or Staph

91
Q

staph is resistant to ?

A

Beta lactams because of altered penicillin binding protein

92
Q

Beta hemolytic coagaulase and catalase+?

A

Staph

93
Q

Causes acute bacterial endocarditis in IV drug users?

A

staph

94
Q

Staph aureus food poisoning is caused by ingestion of?

A

preformed toxin

95
Q

Common cause of osteomyelitis; gm+

A

staph

96
Q

Post viral bacterial pneumonia?

A

Staph

97
Q

Bug that infects prosthetic devices– MOA?

A

Produces adherent biofilms

98
Q

Novobiocin sensitive?

A

staph epi

99
Q

novobiocin resistant?

A

staph saprophyticus

100
Q

Staph saprophyticus can cause?

A

UTIs in sexually active women

101
Q

Treatment of staph epi

A

Vancomycin (think Van behind plumber)

102
Q

alpha hemolytics?

A

pneumoniae and viridans

103
Q

Optochin sensitive?

A

strep pneumo

104
Q

Quellung positive group A

A

strep pneumo

105
Q

Optochin resistant?

A

strep viridans

106
Q

Can cause dental carries?

A

Strep mutans which is part of viridan group

107
Q

Can cause subacute bacterial endocarditis at damaged valves?

A

Viridans–s. sanguis

108
Q

MOA of sanguis?

A

Sticks to damaged valves by making glycocalyx

109
Q

Susceptible in sickle cell disease to what bacteria?

A

Strep pneumo

110
Q

Strep pneumo causes?

A

MOPS; meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis

111
Q

Lancet shaped diploccoi

A

strep pneumo

112
Q

Rusty sputum

A

strep pneumo

113
Q

Strep pneumo virulence?

A

Capsule– NOT VIRULENT WITHOUT CAPSULE

114
Q

Treatment of strep pneumo?

A

Cetriaxone and macrolides (axes and birds at knight tournament)

115
Q

Strep pneumo vaccine in adults produces?

A

IgM response

116
Q

Strep pneumo vaccine in children produces?

A

IgG response

117
Q

Virulence factor of rheumatic fever? MOA?

A

M protein (m on bakers hat)– inhibits phagocytosis and creates molecular mimicry against mitral valve

118
Q

Bacitracin sensitive?

A

strep pyogenes

119
Q

Detection of recent pyogenes infection?

A

ASO titer

120
Q

Widspread rash sparing the face; pharyngitis?

A

Scarlet fever

121
Q

Honey crusted lesions?

A

strep pyogenes– impetigo

122
Q

Causes lyses of RBC, gm+ catalase negative

A

Streptolysin O in strep pyogenes

123
Q

Jones criteria of rheumatic fever?

A

Joints (first thing); heart (shape); nodules (subcutaneous); erythema marginatum; sydenhams chorea

124
Q

Strep pyogenes causes 3 main things and subtypes

A

1) pyogenic: pharyngitis; cellulitis; impetigo
2) Toxigenic: scarlet fever; toxic shock like syndrome; necrotizing fasciitis
3) Immunologic: rheumatic fever; acute glomerulonephritis (cola colored urine)

125
Q

Capsule in strep pyogenes is made of ?

A

Hyaluronic acid

126
Q

Impetigo in strep pyogenes generally preceeds?

A

Glomerulonephritis

127
Q

Job of streptokinase?

A

Activates circulating plasminogen to plasmin to degrade clots

128
Q

Superantigen in strep pyogenes?

A

exotoxin A

129
Q

Bacitracin resistant?

A

Strep agalactiae

130
Q

Strep agalactiae produces what?

A

CAMP factor– enlarges area of hemolysis formed by s. aureus

131
Q

CAMP factor

A

strep agalactiae

132
Q

1 cause of neonatal meningitis?

A

strep agalactiae

133
Q

when do we screen for group B strep

A

35 weeks

134
Q

Pregnant mom with strep agalactie– what do you do?

A

treat with penicillin

135
Q

Test for strep agalactiae?

A

hippurate (think of hippo on ground in galactic baby scene)

136
Q

Hippurate positive

A

strep agalactiae

137
Q

Penicillin G resistant and cause UTIs

A

Enterococcus

138
Q

Biliary tract infections– bug?

A

Enterococcus– salmonella typhi also causes gallbladder problems I believe

139
Q

grow in bile and NaCl

A

Enterococcus

140
Q

Growth in bile and not NaCl

A

Strep bovis

141
Q

Enteroccus faecalus is ?

A

More common and less dangerous

142
Q

Enterococcus faecium

A

Less common more dangerous (think of scary guy carrying sign that says No more FEES)

143
Q

Patient presents with biliary tract infection– what can we grow his bug sample on?

A

enterococcus– grow on bile and nacl

144
Q

Treatment of enterococcus resistant to Vanco?

A

Tigecycline and Linezolid (think TIGer police tape and LINE around parameter)

145
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease?

A

salmonella

146
Q

Osteomyelitis in teens

A

Neisseria–sexually active

147
Q

Osteomyelitis in diabetics of IV drugs users

A

Pseudomonas

148
Q

Osteomyelitis leading to vertebral body problems

A

Pott disease– tuberculosis

149
Q

Virulence of C. diptheriae

A

exotoxin inhibits ADP riBOWsalation of EF-2

150
Q

psuedomembranous pharyngitis

A

corynbacterium diptheriae

151
Q

Myocarditis and arrhythmias gm+ rod

A

Corynebacterium diptheria

152
Q

Metachromatic blue and red granules

A

Corynebacerium diptheriae

153
Q

Eleks test

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

154
Q

Test for toxin in corynebacterium diptheriae?

A

Eleks

155
Q

How is diptheria spread?

A

through respiratory droplets (think bull with droplets coming out of nose and eyes)

156
Q

Club shaped

A

corynebacterium (think morracas in bull fight)

157
Q

Chinese character bacteria?

A

Corynebacterium

158
Q

Teleuride and loughlers medium

A

Corynbacterium (Tele and Laughing)

159
Q

Spores are composed of what?

A

dipicolinic acid at the core

160
Q

Clostridia specias are…bacilli?

A

obligate anaerobic bacilli

161
Q

MOA of tetanus toxin?

A

Protease that cleaves releasing proteins (SNARES) for neurotransmitters

162
Q

Protease that cleaves snares?

A

Tetanus or botulinum

163
Q

Tetanus blocks which two NT?

A

GABA and glycine (inhibitory neurotransmitters)

164
Q

Two inhibitor neurotransmitters?

A

GABA and glycine– blocked in c. tetani

165
Q

GABA and glycine are released from which cells?

A

Renshaw (monkey with wrench)

166
Q

Renshaw cells?

A

C. tetani– renshaw cells release gaba and glycine which are inhibitory neurotransmitters

167
Q

Risus sardonicus

A

C. tetani

168
Q

Opisthonos

A

Overarching of back seen in C tetani

169
Q

C. botulinum inhibits?

A

ACh release at neuromuscular junction

170
Q

Adult disease in c botulinum is caused by

A

preformed toxin!

171
Q

Child disease in c botulinum is caused by?

A

spores

172
Q

2 month old presents with paralysis of arms that started in face, drooping eyes

A

C. botulinum caused by the spore of honey or canned goods

173
Q

Lymphadenopathy, myocarditis, membranous stuff on pharynx

A

corynebacteria

174
Q

Produced alpha toxin? whats in alpha toxin

A

C perfringens– lecithinase (a phospholipase)

175
Q

Toxin produced by c perfringens? whats in toxin?

A

Alpha toxin–lecithinase (phospholipase)

176
Q

Myonecrosis and hemolysis?

A

C perfringens

177
Q

Double zone of hemolysis on blood agar?

A

C perfringens

178
Q

Person working on a farm develops myonecrosis

A

C. perfringens–spore found in soil

179
Q

Where is C. perfringens found?

A

soil

180
Q

C perfringens associated with what type of accident?

A

motorcycle accidents

181
Q

Two toxins of C. diff and functions of toxins

A

Toxin A= enterotoxin; binds to brush border (think choc. factory brushing choc on apples (a)) of gut
Toxin B= Cytotoxin; destroys cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes–>pseudomembranous colitis

182
Q

pseudomembranous colitis

A

C diff

183
Q

C diff usually secondary to use of which antibiotic?

A

Clindamycin or ampicillin

184
Q

How do we detect C. diff?

A

Toxins in stool (NOT BACTERIA)

185
Q

Treatment of C. diff?

A

Vanco or metronidazole (think Van and metro in chocolate factory)

186
Q

Bacteria with polypeptide capsule? what does it contain?

A

Anthrax– contains D glutamate (poly D symbol on viking chest)

187
Q

D glutamate capsule?

A

Anthrax

188
Q

Black painless eschar?

A

Anthrax

189
Q

Rods and chains bacteria?

A

Anthrax

190
Q

Pulmonary hemorrhage, fever– what else would we see? How does one get this?

A

Anthrax– see mediastinitis (think shape of ax with blood on it); transmitted via spores from contaminated wool (wool on armor)

191
Q

Edema factor–>?

A

Increased cAMP (via Ca2+)–> increase in fluid–>helps bug evade phagocytosis

192
Q

Lethal factor–>?

A

Snips off N-terminus of MAPK

193
Q

Two enzymes of Anthrax?

A

Edema factor and Lethal factor

194
Q

Treatment of Anthrax?

A

Fluoroquinolones and doxycyline (think of flower on vikings shoulder along next to tire on boat)

195
Q

Toxin of bacillus cereus?

A

Cereulide– preformed toxin

196
Q

watery, nonbloody diarrheam GI pain, reheated food

A

B. cereius– cereulide toxin

197
Q

How does listeria move?

A

via actin rockets (rocket on christmas); tumbling motility (Santa tumbling down fireplace

198
Q

cat+; gm+ rod; beta hemolytic

A

Listeria

199
Q

Granulomatosis infantiseptica?

A

Listeria

200
Q

Treat Listeria with?

A

Ampicillin in infants (AMP with guitar for christmas)

201
Q

Actinomyces?

A

Gm+ aNaerobe (think soldier with gas mask); filamentous branching rods

202
Q

Nocardia?

A

gm+ aerobe (bellow

203
Q

Gm+ filamentous branching rods?

A

actinomyces and nocardia

204
Q

Oral and facial abscesses that form yellow sulfur granules

A

actinomyces (soldier with facial abscesses)– drain through sinus tracts

205
Q

Patient presents with oral abscess after dental work?

A

Actinomyces (yellow sulfur granules– yellow sand in israel)

206
Q

Treatment of actinomyces?

A

Penicillin G– think of israeli solider with pencilin against tree

207
Q

Pulmonary infection in cancer patient. bug is found in soil?

A

Nocardia (no card game for old men); acid fast (mycolic acids)

208
Q

HIV patient undergoes a bicycling accident and develops indurated lesions on the skin; bug is acid fast; how would we treat him?

A

Nocardia causes cutaneous infections in immunocompromised after trauma— TREAT with Sulfonamides (eggs on counter in no card game for old men contains lot of sulfonamides)

Elliot (11 decks)

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