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Opthalmology > Microbiology of the eye > Flashcards

Microbiology of the eye Flashcards

1
Q

Which organisms can cause bacterial conjunctivitis in the neonate?

A

Staph. aureus

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Chlamydia trachomatis

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2
Q

Which organism can cause bacterial conjunctivitis particularly in children?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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3
Q

Which organisms cause bacterial conjunctivitis (all ages but neonate)?

A

Staph aureus

Strep pneumoniae

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4
Q

How is bacterial conjunctivitis treated?

A

Swab

Topical chloramphenicol drops 4x daily

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5
Q

When should use of topical chloramphenicol be avoided?

A

History of aplastic anaemia

Chloramphenicol allergy

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6
Q

What is the diagnosis here?

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis

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7
Q

What organism is a common contaminant of eye drop bottles?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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8
Q

Which organisms cause bacterial conjunctivitis in contact lens wearers?

A

Acanthamoeba

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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9
Q

What are the causative organsims of viral conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus

Herpes simplex

Herpes zoster

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10
Q

What is the diagnosis here?

A

Viral conjunctivitis caused by herpes simplex

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11
Q

What is the diagnosis here?

A

Herpes zoster opthalmicus

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12
Q

When should chlamydial conjunctivits be suspected?

A

Young adult/teen

Chronic history
Unresponsive to treatment

Bilateral

Symtpoms of urethritis or vaginitis

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13
Q

What is keratitis?

A

Inflammation of the cornea

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14
Q

What is a hypopyon?

A

Pus in the anterior chamber of the eye

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15
Q

Which patients is development of bacterial keratitis associated with?

A

Patients with existing corneal pathology

Contact lens wearers

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16
Q

Which viruses can cause keratitis?

A

Herpes

Adenovirus

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17
Q

What is the risk of treating herpetic keratitis with steroids?

A

Can cause corneal melt and perforation of the cornea

18
Q

What is the diagnosis here?

A

Dendritic ulcer caused by herpetic keratitis

19
Q

What is the lesion here and what is the diagnosis?

A

Hypopyon in bacterial keratits

20
Q

What is the usual causative organism in bilateral keratitis?

A

Adenovirus

21
Q

What illness does adenoviral keratitis usually follow?

A

URTI

22
Q

What is the treatment for adenoviral keratitis?

A

Topical antibiotics

Steriods if becomes chronic

23
Q

Which eye infection are subepithelial infiltrates associated with?

A

Adenoviral keratitis

24
Q

What can cause fungal keratitis?

A

Trauma from vegetation

25
Q

A patient presents to you with this painful eye, worsening on eye movement. You notice proptosis. He has a fever. What is the diagnosis?

A

Orbital cellulitis

26
Q

How is orbital cellulitis treated?

A

Referred to ENT & opthalmology

CT scan for abscesses

Drain any abscesses
Broad spectrum antibiotics

27
Q

What are the causative organisms in orbital cellulitis?

A

Staphylococci

Streptococci

Coliforms

Haemophilus influenzae

anaerobes

28
Q

What is endopthalmitis?

A

A devastating infection of the inside of the eye

29
Q

What is the most common causative organism of enopthalmitis?

A

Staph. epidermidis

30
Q

How can a patient get endopthalmitis?

A

Post-surgical
Trauma

Endogenous

31
Q

What is the treatment for endopthalmitis?

A

Intravitreal amikacin and vancomycin and topical antibiotics

32
Q

What is chorioretinitis?

A

Inflammation of the choroid and retina

33
Q

What is a protozoan cause of chorioretinitis?

A

Toxoplasmosis gondii

34
Q

What are some of the symtpoms of infection with toxoplasmosis gondii?

A

Flu-like symtpoms

Causes cyst formation in immunocompromised

35
Q

Which parasite can cause chorioretinitis?

A

Toxocara canis, a parasitic nemotode (roundworm)

36
Q

How can toxocara cause visual loss?

A

Although parasite cannot replicate in humans and remains in larvae form it can form granulomas

37
Q

What is the treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis?

A

Topical oxytetracycline

38
Q

How is bacterial keratitis diagnosed?

A

Corneal scrape

39
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial keratitis?

A

4-quinolone (ofloxacin) except pseudomonas aeruginosa

Gentamicin and cefuroxime

40
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Chloramphenicol except pseudomonas aureginosa

Then - gentamicin

Opthalmology (10 decks)

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