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RW Dermatology > Microbiology of Skin > Flashcards

Microbiology of Skin Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Gram positive cocci in clusters

A

Staphylococcus sp.

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2
Q

What distinguishes staph aureus from other staph species (other than gold colour)?

A

It produces coagulase

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3
Q

What toxins do some staph strains produce?

A

Enterotoxin (food poisoning), SSST (staph scalded skin syndrome toxin) and PVL (Panton valentine leukocidin)

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4
Q

Gram positive cocci in chains

A

Streptococcus sp.

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5
Q

How are strep sp. classified?

A

Haemolysis (Beta-haemylytics then further classified as group A or B)

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6
Q

What are 2 important alpha-haemolytic strep sp.?

A

Strep pneumonia and strep viridian’s

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7
Q

What is an important non-haemolytic strep?

A

Enterococcus sp. (commensals of bowel)

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8
Q

What components of the skin fight bacterial infection?

A

Skin barrier; dry surface (cause desiccation); sebum inhibits growth; competitive bacteria

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9
Q

What are 3 main commensal bacteria of the skin?

A

Staphylococcus epidermis; Corynebacterium sp. (“diphtheroids”) and Proprionobacterium sp.

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10
Q

What antibiotic is used for staph aureus and strep pyogenes?

A

Flucoxacillin

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11
Q

What is necrotising fasciitis?

A

Bacterial infection spreading along fascial planes below skin surface → rapid tissue destruction

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of necrotising fasciitis?

A

Type 1 – mixed anaerobes & coliforms, usually post-abdominal surgery and Type II – Group A Strep infection

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13
Q

Tina =

A

Ringworm

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14
Q

Dermatophyte infection aka

A

Fungal infection (Ringworm)

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15
Q

What is the pathogenesis of dermatophyte infection?

A
  1. Fungus enters abraded or soggy skin
  2. Hyphae spread in stratum corneum
  3. Infects keratinised tissues only (skin, hair, nails)
  4. Increased epidermal turnover causes scaling
  5. Inflammatory response provoked (dermis)
  6. Hair follicles and shafts invaded
  7. Lesion grows outward and heals in centre, giving a “ring” appearance
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16
Q

What are 3 main causal organisms for fungal infections?

A

Trichophyton rubric (>70%); Trichophyton mentagraphytes (>20%) and Microsporum canis

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17
Q

What investigations should be done for fungal infections?

A

Wood lamp and scrapings/clippings for microscopy and culture

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18
Q

What is the treatment for small areas of ringworm?

A

Clotrimazole (canestan) cream or similar, topical nail paint (amorolfine)

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19
Q

Where do candida infections occur?

A

Skin folds where area is warm and mois

20
Q

What is the causal organism of scabies?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

21
Q

What is the treatment of scabies?

A

Malathion lotion and benzyl benzoate (avoid in kiddies)

22
Q

What is the treatment of lice?

A

Malathion

23
Q

Which virus is responsible for chickenpox and shingles?

A

Varicella zoster

24
Q

What is Neonatal Varicella zoster virus and how can it be prevented?

A

Secondary to chickenpox in mother later in pregnancy, can be prevented with VZV immune globulin in susceptible women

25
Q

What kind of distribution does Shingles have?

A

Dermatomal

26
Q

What is pain associated with shingles for more than 4 weeks known as?

A

Post Herpetic Neuralgia

27
Q

What is ophthalmic zoster?

A

Shingles affecting there ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

28
Q

Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome

A

A complication of shingles where the facial nerve is affected , causing vesicles and pain in auditory canal and throat

29
Q

Which virus causes primary gingivostomatitis?

A

Herpes simplex virus

30
Q

Which type of HSV normally causes oral lesions?

A

Type 1

31
Q

What is the treatment for HSV?

A

Aciclovir

32
Q

Erythema Multiforme

A

A hypersensitivity reaction usually triggered by infections, most commonly herpes simplex virus (HSV)

33
Q

What is the management of molluscs contagiousum?

A

It is self-limiting but takes months to disappear, so can be treated with local application of liquid nitrogen

34
Q

Which virus causes warts?

A

Human papilloma virus

35
Q

What is the treatment for warts?

A

Self-limiting, but can use topical salicylic acid

36
Q

Which types of HPV are most commonly associated with warts/verrucas?

A

Types 1-4

37
Q

Which types of HPV are most commonly associated with genital warts?

A

Types 6 and II

38
Q

Which types of HPV are most commonly associated with cervical cancer?

A

Types 16 and 18

39
Q

What is Herpangina and which virus causes it?

A

Blistering rash of the back of the mouth, caused by enteroviruses?

40
Q

Which viruses cause Hand, Foot and Mouth disease?

A

Enteroviruses

41
Q

What is slapped cheek disease also known as, and what virus causes it?

A

Erythema infectosium, caused by parvovirus B19

42
Q

Orf

A

A virus infection of the skin contracted from sheep and goats, presenting as firm, fleshy nodule on hands of farmers

43
Q

Which bacterium causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

44
Q

Which bacterium causes lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

45
Q

Which mosquito spreads Zika?

A

Aedes aegypti

46
Q

Which are the symptom onset and resolution of zika?

A

Onset: 3-12 days after exposure, Resolution: 2-7 days after onset

47
Q

What are complications of zika?

A

Guillain-Bare syndrome and microcephaly

RW Dermatology (10 decks)

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