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Abbey MSII Unit 1 pt 2 > Microbiology Lecture 4. > Flashcards

Microbiology Lecture 4. Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 main differences between malignant cells and normal cells?

A

tumorigenicity, lack of differentiation, immortality, lack of contact inhibition, resistance to apoptosis, chromosome abnormalities

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2
Q

What are the cancers caused by a virus that have a vaccine?

A

cervical cancer (HPV vaccine) and hepatocellular cancer (hep B vaccine)

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3
Q

oncogene

A

surface receptors for growth factors in normal cells

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4
Q

How is growth and differentiation of cells regulated?

A

by numerous surface receptors and internal signaling pathways

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5
Q

myc

A

proto-oncogene transcription factor that controls growth of cell

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6
Q

sis

A

proto-oncogene that controls growth of cell - platelet-derived growth factor

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7
Q

erb B

A

proto-oncogene growth factor receptor

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8
Q

scr

A

proto-oncogene membrane signaling of growth factor binding

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9
Q

ras

A

porto-oncogene signal transduction from surface receptors

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10
Q

fms

A

proto-oncogene growth factor receptor

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11
Q

CMO2

A

proto-oncogene hematopoiesis

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12
Q

p53

A

proto-oncogene that controls cell cycle; stimulated by DNA damage to stop cell cycle

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13
Q

pRB

A

proto-oncogene that controls cell cycle; blocks E2F (which controls cell cycle regulation

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14
Q

Large T antigen

A

allows cell to proliferate without control by blocking p53 and RB

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15
Q

What is damage to DNA normally managed by?

A

pause in cell cycle, attempted repair of DNA, resumption of the cycle or apoptosis

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16
Q

oncogene specific to chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

abl

17
Q

oncogene specific to breast cancer

A

her2/neu

18
Q

What mechanisms do retroviruses cause cancer?

A
  1. contain oncogenes and express them in infected cells 2. insert their promoter into a chromosome and cause expression of regional oncogenes
19
Q

What mechanism do DNA viruses use to be oncogenic?

A

encode proteins that disturb the cell cycle and prevent apoptosis (esp p53 and pRB)

20
Q

SV40 virus

A

primate virus (species specific!!!) causes cell transformation and cancer in rodents - transforms human cells to malignant state by expressing T antigen - contaminant of early polio vaccines

21
Q

adenoviruses

A

a group of human viruses, some of which cause cell transformation and cancer in rodents, but only cause colds and sore throats in people

22
Q

E1A and E1B

A

analogous to T antigen

23
Q

Which cancers are caused by a virus? What is the associated virus?

A
  1. cervical cancer: human papillomaviruses 2. Burkitt’s lymphoma: Epstein Barr virus 3. hepatocellular carcinoma: HBV 4. leukemia and lymphoma: HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 5. Kaposi’s sarcoma: KSHV, HHV8
24
Q

What do low risk types of HPV cause?

A

warts

25
Q

What do high risk HPVs cause?

A

squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix, penis, oropharynx

26
Q

What are the E6 and E7 genes?

A

function the same way as T antigen of SV40 virus: E6 binds P53 (leads to degradation of ubiquitan pathway) and E7 binds Rb (prevents interaction with E2F)

27
Q

Where are E6 and E7 genes present?

A

both low and high risk HPV - but have low affinity binding in low risk HPVs

28
Q

What type of vaccine is the HPV vaccine?

A

empty virus capsid

29
Q

Epstein Barr virus

A

herpes virus that causes mononucleosis in western world, childhood lymphoma (burkitt’s) in parts of Africa and AIDS patients, nasopharyngeal cancer in Asia

30
Q

What is the translated oncogene present in Epstein Barr virus?

A

myc (which is overexpressed): translocated from chromosome 8 to 14 - becomes active, activating expression of other genes

31
Q

Which virus can have tumors and recurrences predicted? How?

A

EBV by IgA antibodies

32
Q

Hepatitis viruses (HBV and HCV)

A

cause chronic hepatitis that predisposes you to cirrhosis and liver cancer - prevalent in africa and asia

33
Q

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2)

A

RNA virus but with no oncogene - tax gene causes overexpression of IL-2 and IL-2 receptor - causes leukemia and lymphoma

34
Q

Where is HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 prevalent?

A

caribbean countries

35
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma Herpes Virus (KSHV, HHV8)

A

associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma in patients with HIV but uncertain mechanism

Abbey MSII Unit 1 pt 2 (21 decks)

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