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Abbey MSII Unit 1 pt 2 > Microbiology Lecture 3. > Flashcards

Microbiology Lecture 3. Flashcards

1
Q

N. gonorrhoeae bacteriology

A

gram - (LOS instead of LPS); oxidase +; chocolate agar; not encapsulated; hundreds of serotypes (no vaccine); sensitive to dehydration and cold; ab resistance sometimes

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2
Q

What is LOS and what bacteria is it found on?

A

LOS - similar to LPS but NOT as immunogenic - much shorter chain; found on n. gonorrhoeae

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3
Q

How is n. gonorrhoeae transmitted?

A

sexually or at birth

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4
Q

What virulence factors does n. gonorrhoeae have?

A

pili (attach to columnar and transitional epithelium - antiphagocytic), IgA protease (clear mucosal antibody), Opa (causes blindness), LOS, porins

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5
Q

Can n. gonorrhoeae replicate on its own?

A

YES - intracellular for immune evasion

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6
Q

What does immune reaction to LOS cause?

A

irritation, dischar, containment

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7
Q

What are Porin A and B?

A

anti-complement found in n. gonorrhoeae - confer serum resistnace in strains that are more likely to disseminate

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8
Q

How does host typically defend against n. gonorrhoeae?

A

IgG enhanced complement and PMNs

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9
Q

Symptoms of n. gonorrhoeae

A

males: usually symptomatic with anterior urethritis females: often asymptomatic: cervictis, type IV pili confer “twitching motility” -> progression to PID neonate: purulent conjunctivitis which may cause blindness

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10
Q

Immune response to n. gonorrhoeae

A

antibodies, complement, neutrophils may restrict infection to local site

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11
Q

Symptoms of disseminated infection of n. gonorrhoeae

A

lack of urogenital symptoms, arthritis/dermatitis (most common), septic arthritis, rarely meningitis, endocarditis

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12
Q

What you might see on exam of patient with n. gonorrhoeae

A

male: urethritis, dysuria, purulent discharge female: purulent vaginal discharge, PID if not treated

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13
Q

Symptoms of PID

A

lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, dysuria, tenderness, intermenstral bleeding

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14
Q

lab work for n. gonorrhoeae

A

can’t grow on blood agar - need Thayer Martin for normal flora or chocolate if already sterile (blood CSF) male: urine and exudate for PMNs and intracellular diplococci (microscopy common, NAAT preferred) female: obtain endocervical smear for NAAT, culture on Tayer Martin (tricky for males) disseminated gonococcal infection: gram-stain, NAAT, culture samples from all affected areas

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15
Q

3 similarities between meningitis and gonorrhoeae

A
  1. IgA protease 2. septic arthritis 3. growth on thayer-martin medium
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16
Q

treatment for n. gonorrhoeae

A

antibiotics begin BEFORE labs come back (ceftriaxone, alternate cefixime, cephalosporin), add azithromycin or doxycycline for confection with chlamydia; aspirate septic joints; admit if pregnant, PID, DGI, endocarditis, meningitis, purulent joint infection

17
Q

Bacteriology c. trachomatis

A

chlamydia: unique life cycle of elementary bodies (infectious, live outside, don’t multiply) and reticulate bodies (larger, delicate, replicate, metabolize, pack into EBS)

18
Q

What is a known virulence factor of c. trachomatis?

A

T3SS - used for entry and establishing inclusion body

19
Q

Serovars A,B, Ba, C of c. trachomatis

A

blinding trachoma - leading cause of preventable blindness, spread by secretions, fomites - endemic to africa and southern asia

20
Q

Serovars L1-L3

A

lymphogranuloma venereum (LV) - small ulcer proceeds to painfully swollen lymph nodes near genitals - sexually transmitted - south and central america

21
Q

Serovar D-K

A

genital chlamydia - most common STD - asymptomatic - lesions help HIV transmission

22
Q

Diagnosis of c. trachomatis

A

blinding: eyelashes turned inward; LG buboes, histor of sex while traveling; genital history of being a slut

23
Q

Exam for c. trachomatis

A

female: mucopurulent endocervical discharge, bleeding, dyuria, abdominal pain, progression to PID Male: urethral discharge, dysuria, scrotal pain both: risk of reiter syndrome = reactive arthritis

24
Q

lab for c. trachomatis

A

infant occular trachoma: swab eye, microscopy stained with giemsa or IF for chlamydial inclusions; tissue culture; NAAT preferred

25
Q

Treatment for c. trachomatis

A

antibiotics - ones that can penetrate infected cell membranes though: doxyclcine or azithromycin. if allergic, pregnant, or child then erythromycin+amoxicillin

26
Q

pathogenesis of trichomoniasis

A

growth of organism can cause genital irritation, which increases risk of other STIs

27
Q

diagnosis of trichomoniasis

A

female: frothy yellow-green vaginal discharge, PID - colposcopy: colitis mascularis or “strawberry cervix” male: urethritis, prostatitis

28
Q

lab of trichomoniasis

A

light microscopy, whip test and culture (not sensitive) so NAAT

29
Q

treatment for trichomoniasis

A

oral metronidazole

30
Q

pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis

A

loss of balance among vaginal normal flora leads to irritation - balance thrown off due to antibiotics, douching, menopause, frequent sex, bubble baths

31
Q

diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

A

vaginal irritation, odor, discharge

32
Q

lab for bacterial vaginosis

A

microscopy: thin, gray, homogenous discharge, “clue cells” are squamous epithelium covered in gardnerella; whiff test; elevated vaginal pH

33
Q

treatment for bacterial vaginosis

A

metronidazole or clindamycin

34
Q

chancroid bacteriology

A

haemophilus ducreyi: small, gram -, facultative anaerobic bacillus

35
Q

chancroid pathogenesis

A

asia, africa, caribbean - painful genital swellings, softer than syphilis cancre, may reach lymph node like LV

36
Q

chancroid diagnosis

A

men: multiple painful genital ulcers with yellow-gray exudate women: often asymptomatic - can be same

37
Q

chancroid treatment

A

drain the lesions, oral azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin - could have antibiotic resistance

Abbey MSII Unit 1 pt 2 (21 decks)

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