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MTAP FIRST SEM 2024-2025 > MICROBIOLOGY- LABORATORY SAFETY > Flashcards

MICROBIOLOGY- LABORATORY SAFETY Flashcards

1
Q

kills all forms of microbial life

A

Sterilization

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2
Q

destroys pathogenic organisms

A

Disinfection

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3
Q

removal of pathogenic microorganisms

A

Decontamination

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4
Q

Factors affecting Sterilization, Disinfection, and Decontamination

A

-Organic load
-Type of organism present
-Concentration and exposure time
-Physical and chemical nature of the surface
-Temperature
-pH
-Humidity
-Presence of biofilm

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5
Q

Methods of Sterilization

A

-Incineration
-Moist heat
- Dry heat
-Filtration
-Ionizing (gamma) radiation
-Chemicals

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6
Q

Safest method and Effective against prions and infective proteins

A

Incineration

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7
Q

What is the temperature range for incineration as a method of sterilization?

A

870°C-980°C

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8
Q

What are the temperature settings for steam under pressure in moist heat sterilization?

A

121°C and 132°C

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9
Q

What is the fastest and simplest method of sterilization?

A

Moist heat

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10
Q

Which device is used for moist heat sterilization?

A

Autoclave

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11
Q

What can moist heat sterilization be used to sterilize?

A

Biohazardous trash and heat-stable objects

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12
Q

How long does dry heat sterilization typically require?

A

1.5-3 hours

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13
Q

What temperature range is used in dry heat sterilization?

A

160-180°C

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14
Q

What types of materials are suitable for dry heat sterilization?

A

Glassware, oil, petrolatum, or powders

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15
Q

What types of substances can be sterilized using filtration?

A

Antibiotic solutions, toxic chemicals, radioisotopes, vaccines, and carbohydrates

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16
Q

What type of membrane is used for filtering liquids in filtration sterilization?

A

Cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate membrane with vacuum

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17
Q

What type of filter is used for air in filtration sterilization?

A

High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter

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18
Q

What is the pore size of a HEPA filter used in air filtration?

A

0.3 µm

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19
Q

What type of items are commonly sterilized using ionizing (gamma) radiation?

A

Disposables

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20
Q

What is the most common chemical used in gaseous form for sterilization?

A

Ethylene oxide

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21
Q

What can vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide be used to sterilize?

A

HEPA filters, metals, non-metal devices (medical instruments)

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22
Q

What chemical is used in gas plasma form for sterilization?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

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23
Q

Methods of Disinfection

A
  • Physical methods
  • Chemical methods
  • Antiseptics
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24
Q

What temperature and duration are required for boiling as a physical method of disinfection?

A

100°C for 15 minutes (effective against vegetative bacteria)

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25
Q

What temperature and duration are used for pasteurization as a physical method of disinfection?

A

70°C for 30 minutes (effective against food pathogens)

26
Q

What type of radiation is used in non-ionizing radiation disinfection?

A

UV light

27
Q

What are the common types of alcohol used for disinfection?

A

60-90% ethyl or isopropyl alcohol solution

28
Q

Which chemicals are considered aldehydes and are sporicidal within 3-10 hours?

A

Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde

29
Q

What chemical is used for surface sterilization of surgical instruments?

A

Peracetic acid

30
Q

What concentration of hydrogen peroxide is commonly used for disinfecting inanimate objects?

A

3% hydrogen peroxide

31
Q

What type of compounds are used for disinfecting bench tops or other surfaces?

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds

32
Q

What class of chemicals, derivatives of carbolic acid (phenol), includes Amphyl?

A

Phenolics

33
Q

What group of chemicals includes chlorine and iodine and is used for disinfection?

A

Halogens

34
Q

What widely used antiseptic is known for its effectiveness?

A

Iodine

35
Q

What concentration of alcohol is commonly used as an antiseptic?

A

70% alcohol

36
Q

What antiseptic is used in a 1% solution?

A

Silver nitrate

37
Q

How should hazardous chemicals in the workplace be identified and marked?

A

With a National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) label stating the health risk.

38
Q

What provides guidelines on the proper labeling of chemical containers?

A

Chemical hygiene plan

39
Q

What documents provide detailed information about hazardous chemicals, including their properties and safety precautions?

A

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

40
Q

What programs should workplaces have to ensure employees are informed about chemical safety?

A

Written chemical safety training and retraining programs

41
Q

What equipment is used to protect against chemical odors in laboratories?

A

Fume hoods

42
Q

Are fume hoods typically equipped with HEPA filters to trap pathogenic microorganisms?

A

No, fume hoods do not usually have HEPA filters for this purpose.

43
Q

Types of fire extinguishers

A

Type A: trash, wood, and paper
Type B: chemical fires
Type C: electrical fires

Mnemonics
Class A - Ang Tigas = Solids
Class B- Basa = Liquids
Class C- Curyente = Electrical

44
Q

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION

A

YELLOW- REACTIVITY
RED- FIRE HAZARD Flash Point
BLUE- HEALTH HAZARD
WHITE- SPECIFIC HAZARD

45
Q

RACE STANDS FOR?

A

RESCUE
ALARM
CONTAIN
EXTINGUISH/ EVACUATE

46
Q

What was the aim of CDC’s Universal Precautions in 1987?

A

To reduce the risk of HBV transmission in clinical laboratories and blood banks.

47
Q

According to the 1996 Standard Precaution guidelines, how should blood and body fluids from every patient be treated?

A

As potentially infectious. This guideline applies to blood and all body fluids except sweat.

48
Q

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

A

-Laboratory environment
-Biologic Safety Cabinet
-Personal Protective Equipment
-Postexposure Control

49
Q

What should be prominently displayed on laboratory doors and equipment containing infectious material?

A

Biohazard symbol

50
Q

What is the primary purpose of Biologic Safety Cabinets (BSCs)?

A

To protect workers from aerosol exposure to infectious disease agents.

51
Q

How is the air inside a Biologic Safety Cabinet typically sterilized?

A

Either by heat, UV light, or most commonly, by passage through a HEPA filter.

52
Q

How are Biologic Safety Cabinets classified?

A

Into Class I-III according to the effective levels of biologic containment they provide.

53
Q

DESCRIBE Class I Biologic Safety Cabinet (BSC)?

A

-Allow room (unsterilized) air to pass into the cabinet and around the area and material within, sterilizing only the air to be exhausted
-Negative pressure
-May be ventilated to the outside or exhausted to the work area
-Causally operated with an open front

54
Q

DESCRIBE Class II Biologic Safety Cabinet (BSC)?

A

-Sterilize air that flows over the infectious material as well as the air to be
exhausted
-Vertical laminar flow BSCs

–Class IIA: self-contained, 70% of the air is recirculated into the work area

–Class IIB: exhaust air is discharged outside the building, radioisotopes, toxic chemicals, or carcinogens

55
Q

DESCRIBE Class III Biologic Safety Cabinet (BSC)?

A

-Affords the most protection to the worker
-Completely enclosed and have negative pressure, most protection to the worker
-Infectious material is handled with rubber gloves that are attached and sealed to the cabinet

56
Q

Examples of PPEs include

A

-Fluid repellent facemask
- Apron
-Gloves
- disposable goggles or full-face visor
- FFp3 respirator
- Long sleeved disposable gown

57
Q

What are the Post Exposure Control

A

-All laboratory accidents and potential exposures must be reported to the supervisor and safety officer
-Prophylaxis: Hepatitis B virus immunoglobulin (HBIG) or HBV booster immunization in the event of exposure to Hepatitis B
-Postexposure prophylaxis: Neiserria meningitidis (possible disease transmission)
-HIV testing

58
Q

Classification of Biologic Agents Based on Hazard

A
  • Biosafety Level 1 (BSL-1)
  • Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2)
  • Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3)
  • Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4)
59
Q

What are the characteristics of organisms classified under Biosafety Level 1 (BSL-1)?

A

-They have no known potential for infecting healthy people.
-They are well-defined and characterized.
-Examples include Bacillus subtilis and Naegleria gruberi.

60
Q

What are the characteristics of organisms classified under Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2)?

A

-They are most commonly found in clinical specimens.
-They include agents of infectious diseases such as HIV, HBV, Salmonella organisms, and several others.

61
Q

What are the characteristics of organisms handled under Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3)?

A

o Handling of material suspected of organisms unlikely to be encountered in a routine clinical laboratory
o Mycobacteium tuberculosis, Coxiella burnetii, and mold stages of fungi
o Primarily transmitted by infectious aerosol

62
Q

What are the characteristics of organisms handled under Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4)?

A

o Exotic agents that are considered high risk and cause life-threatening disease
o Marburg virus or Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever
o All procedures are performed under maximum containment (Class III BSC)
o Usually handled by health or research laboratories

MTAP FIRST SEM 2024-2025 (15 decks)

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