Microbiology: Exam 3 Material Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
0
Q

Moist membranes that line those parts of the body that are exposed to outside is ____.

A

Mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Anatomical barriers such as skin, mucous membranes, and bony encasements are known as ____.

A

Mechanical defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functional defenses such as: inflammation, fever, phagocytosis (cell ingestion) are ____ defenses.

A

Physiological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The body’s total response to any injury is ____.

A

Inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Specific chemical substances present in the body to protect us against infection are____ defenses.

A

Chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Body secretions, lysozyme, gastric juice, and antibodies are all examples of ____ defenses.

A

Chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

An enzyme present in tears that kills bacteria is known as ____.

A

Lysozyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Immunoglobulins “Ig” are also known as ____.

A

Antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Specific proteins produced by the body in response to a specific foreign protein also known as the “good guys” are ____.

A

Antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A virus neutralizing substance produced individually is ____.

A

Interferon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The study of immunity is ____.

A

Immunology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A highly developed state of resistance to a specific infection or disease is ____.

A

Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Foreign proteins against which the body forms specific antibodies also known as the “bad guys” are____.

A

Antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Once your body forms _____, they will be with you for the rest of your lifetime.

A

Antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(Characteristics of antigens) Very specific; true antibodies will have bivalent receptor sites; if incomplete, allergic reaction can occur.

TRUE or FALSE

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Any immunity with which you’re born (at the moment of conception) is ____.

A

Natural (innate) immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Incidence of sickle cell anemia is an example of ____.

A

Racial Natural (innate) immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Distemper Non human is an example of ____.

A

Species Natural (innate) immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Interferon is an example of ____.

A

Individual natural (innate) immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Any type of immunity in which a human has to obtain is ____.

A

Acquired immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The type of immunity conveyed to us when we are sick regardless of our age; its active, having disease & recovered from it is ____.

A

Active naturally acquired immunity

21
Q

Our body was not actively involved in forming immunity. Colostrum (1st breast milk), breast feeding, placental transfer of antibodies to the baby against the infections the mother had that didn’t kill her is an example of ____.

A

Passive acquired immunity

22
Q

Acquired by shot or immunization is a form of ____.

A

Artificially acquired immunity

23
Q

Vaccines (DPT), toxoids, attenuated strains, live or dead M.O.’s, extracts (PPD) are examples of ___.

A

Active acquired immunity

24
Q

You acquired immunity by shot, or immunization means that you have an ____.

A

Artificially acquired immunity

25
Q

One type of _____ aquired immunity Is Active-vaccines (DPT), toxoids, attenuated strains (“weakened strain”), live or dead M.O.’s, extracts (PPD)

A

Artificial

26
Q

Immune serum, anti serum, gamma goblin shots or Artificially acquired ____ immunization is given to a person who doesn’t have time to build up antibodies. Only lasts for a 7-10 days. Instant protection

A

Passive

27
Q

Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis are all examples of____.

A

Levels of control of Microorganisms.

29
Q

The process of completely removing and destroying all lifeforms and their products (endospores exotoxins) in and on the substance is ____.

A

Sterilazation

30
Q

The prevention or inhibition of the growth of M.O.’s without necessarily killing them is ____.

A

Antisepsis

31
Q

Scrubbing, Heat, Dry Heat Moist Heat, Cold Refrigeration, and UV Light are all examples of ____.

A

Physical Methods of Control of M.O.’s

32
Q

Heat: Incineration (burning, flamming as a lab technique) is another example of ____.

A

Physical Methods of Control of M.O.’s

33
Q

Scrubbing (as in hands) is an example of ____.

A

Physical Methods of Control of M.O.’s

34
Q

Dry heat: convention oven is an example of ____.

A

Physical method of control of M.O.’s

35
Q

Moist Heat: boiling water, free flowing steam, and steam under pressure(autoclave) are all examples of ____.

A

Physical Method of Control of M.O.’s

36
Q

Cold: refrigeration (body cooler) is an example of ____.

A

Physical Method of control of M.O.’s

37
Q

Ultraviolet Light: bactericidal (kills bacteria) is an example of ____.

A

Physical method of control of M.O.’s

38
Q

The best method either physical or chemical to achieve true sterilization is by ____.

A

Autoclave

39
Q

The process by which you rid an object or destroy all pathogenic organisms by physical or chemical means is ____.

A

Disinfection

42
Q

The standard degrees in an autoclave is ____, and the standard pressure is ____, and the standard exposure time for an autoclave is ____ for true sterilization.

A

121ºC or 250ºF

15lbs

15 minutes

43
Q

Chemical agents proven to kill living pathogens are ____, and are chemical methods of control of M.O.’s

A

Disinfectants

44
Q

Germicides, bactericide, fungicide, viricides, insecticides, larvacide and are all examples of ____, which are chemical methods of control of M.O.’s

A

Disinfectants

45
Q

Chemical agents that are known to kill viruses are known as ____.

A

Viricides

46
Q

Chemical agents that kill bacterias are known as _____.

A

Bacteriacide

47
Q

Chemical agents that kill insects are ____.

A

Insecticides

48
Q

Chemical agents that kill germs are known as ____.

A

Germicides

49
Q

Chemical agents that kill fungi are known as ____.

A

Fungicide

50
Q

Chemical agents that kill larva (unhatched critters such as head lice) are known as ____.

A

Larvacides

51
Q

Factors which influence the action of disinfectants are?….

A

1: Nature of the disinfectants
2: Concentration of the disinfectants
3: Nature of the material to be disinfected
4: Number of organisms present
5: Kinds of organisms present
6: Time of exposure to disinfectant
7: Temperature of disinfectant during exposure
8: pH of disinfectant during exposure

52
Q

What are disinfectants suitable for mortuary procedures?

A
  1. Halogen Family (salt formers) Group 7 agents
    a. Hypochlorites (bleaches) 1:10 dilution, standard external disinfectant per CDC
    b. Iodophors (iodine) Betadine
  2. Alcohol Family
    a. Ethyl alcohol (ethanol or grain alcohol) “the vehicle for cavity fluid”
    b. Isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol)
  3. Aldehyde Family “alcohols deprived of hydrogen”
    a. Formalin (formaldehyde solution)
    b. Glutaraldehyde (formalin and 2% cidex) a better disinfectant but not as good as a preserver.
  4. Phenolic Compound Family (based on the chemical phenol)
    a. Phenol (carbolic acid) it is acidic in terms of pH, used as a cauterizer in to sear off or prevent leakage from tissue and can be used as a bleaching agent.
    b. Cresol (lysol) a member of the phenolic compound
    c. Hexachlorophene is a topical disinfectant
  5. Quaternary Ammonium Compound (quats)
    a. Benzalkonium Chloride is an example of a chemical used as a quaternary ammonium compound
    b. Zephrian Chloride is another example use of the quats