Microbiology: Exam 3 Material Flashcards by Brandi Zapalac

Moist membranes that line those parts of the body that are exposed to outside is ____.

Mucous membranes

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Anatomical barriers such as skin, mucous membranes, and bony encasements are known as ____.

Mechanical defenses

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Functional defenses such as: inflammation, fever, phagocytosis (cell ingestion) are ____ defenses.

Physiological

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The body’s total response to any injury is ____.

Inflammation

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Specific chemical substances present in the body to protect us against infection are____ defenses.

Chemical

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Body secretions, lysozyme, gastric juice, and antibodies are all examples of ____ defenses.

Chemical

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An enzyme present in tears that kills bacteria is known as ____.

Lysozyme

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Immunoglobulins “Ig” are also known as ____.

Antibodies

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Specific proteins produced by the body in response to a specific foreign protein also known as the “good guys” are ____.

Antibodies

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A virus neutralizing substance produced individually is ____.

Interferon

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The study of immunity is ____.

Immunology

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A highly developed state of resistance to a specific infection or disease is ____.

Immunity

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Foreign proteins against which the body forms specific antibodies also known as the “bad guys” are____.

Antigens

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Once your body forms _____, they will be with you for the rest of your lifetime.

Antibodies

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(Characteristics of antigens) Very specific; true antibodies will have bivalent receptor sites; if incomplete, allergic reaction can occur.

TRUE or FALSE

True

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Any immunity with which you’re born (at the moment of conception) is ____.

Natural (innate) immunity

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Incidence of sickle cell anemia is an example of ____.

Racial Natural (innate) immunity

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Distemper Non human is an example of ____.

Species Natural (innate) immunity

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Interferon is an example of ____.

Individual natural (innate) immunity

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Any type of immunity in which a human has to obtain is ____.

Acquired immunity

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The type of immunity conveyed to us when we are sick regardless of our age; its active, having disease & recovered from it is ____.

Active naturally acquired immunity

Our body was not actively involved in forming immunity. Colostrum (1st breast milk), breast feeding, placental transfer of antibodies to the baby against the infections the mother had that didn’t kill her is an example of ____.

Passive acquired immunity

Acquired by shot or immunization is a form of ____.

Artificially acquired immunity

Vaccines (DPT), toxoids, attenuated strains, live or dead M.O.’s, extracts (PPD) are examples of ___.

Active acquired immunity

You acquired immunity by shot, or immunization means that you have an ____.

Artificially acquired immunity

One type of _____ aquired immunity Is Active-vaccines (DPT), toxoids, attenuated strains ("weakened strain"), live or dead M.O.'s, extracts (PPD)

Artificial

Immune serum, anti serum, gamma goblin shots or Artificially acquired ____ immunization is given to a person who doesn't have time to build up antibodies. Only lasts for a 7-10 days. Instant protection

Passive

Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antisepsis are all examples of____.

Levels of control of Microorganisms.

The process of completely removing and destroying all lifeforms and their products (endospores exotoxins) in and on the substance is ____.

Sterilazation

The prevention or inhibition of the growth of M.O.'s without necessarily killing them is ____.

Antisepsis

Scrubbing, Heat, Dry Heat Moist Heat, Cold Refrigeration, and UV Light are all examples of ____.

Physical Methods of Control of M.O.'s

Heat: Incineration (burning, flamming as a lab technique) is another example of ____.

Physical Methods of Control of M.O.'s

Scrubbing (as in hands) is an example of ____.

Physical Methods of Control of M.O.'s

Dry heat: convention oven is an example of ____.

Physical method of control of M.O.'s

Moist Heat: boiling water, free flowing steam, and steam under pressure(autoclave) are all examples of ____.

Physical Method of Control of M.O.'s

Cold: refrigeration (body cooler) is an example of ____.

Physical Method of control of M.O.'s

Ultraviolet Light: bactericidal (kills bacteria) is an example of ____.

Physical method of control of M.O.'s

The best method either physical or chemical to achieve true sterilization is by ____.

Autoclave

The process by which you rid an object or destroy all pathogenic organisms by physical or chemical means is ____.

Disinfection

The standard degrees in an autoclave is ____, and the standard pressure is ____, and the standard exposure time for an autoclave is ____ for true sterilization.

121ºC or 250ºF 15lbs 15 minutes

Chemical agents proven to kill living pathogens are ____, and are chemical methods of control of M.O.'s

Disinfectants

Germicides, bactericide, fungicide, viricides, insecticides, larvacide and are all examples of ____, which are chemical methods of control of M.O.'s

Disinfectants

Chemical agents that are known to kill viruses are known as ____.

Viricides

Chemical agents that kill bacterias are known as _____.

Bacteriacide

Chemical agents that kill insects are ____.

Insecticides

Chemical agents that kill germs are known as ____.

Germicides

Chemical agents that kill fungi are known as ____.

Fungicide

Chemical agents that kill larva (unhatched critters such as head lice) are known as ____.

Larvacides

Factors which influence the action of disinfectants are?....

1: Nature of the disinfectants 2: Concentration of the disinfectants 3: Nature of the material to be disinfected 4: Number of organisms present 5: Kinds of organisms present 6: Time of exposure to disinfectant 7: Temperature of disinfectant during exposure 8: pH of disinfectant during exposure

What are disinfectants suitable for mortuary procedures?

1. Halogen Family (salt formers) Group 7 agents a. Hypochlorites (bleaches) 1:10 dilution, standard external disinfectant per CDC b. Iodophors (iodine) Betadine 2. Alcohol Family a. Ethyl alcohol (ethanol or grain alcohol) "the vehicle for cavity fluid" b. Isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) 3. Aldehyde Family "alcohols deprived of hydrogen" a. Formalin (formaldehyde solution) b. Glutaraldehyde (formalin and 2% cidex) a better disinfectant but not as good as a preserver. 4. Phenolic Compound Family (based on the chemical phenol) a. Phenol (carbolic acid) it is acidic in terms of pH, used as a cauterizer in to sear off or prevent leakage from tissue and can be used as a bleaching agent. b. Cresol (lysol) a member of the phenolic compound c. Hexachlorophene is a topical disinfectant 5. Quaternary Ammonium Compound (quats) a. Benzalkonium Chloride is an example of a chemical used as a quaternary ammonium compound b. Zephrian Chloride is another example use of the quats