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Microbiology > Microbiology: Exam 1 Material > Flashcards

Microbiology: Exam 1 Material Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

____ is the classification of all living things.

A

Taxonomy

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1
Q

____ is the scientific study of M.O.’s and their effect on other living organisms; literally it is the study of small life.

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

____ is the ability to exist in one cell or multi cell form.

A

Dimorphism

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3
Q

____is the study of bacteria.

A

Bacteriology

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4
Q

____ is the study of rickettsia

A

Rickettsiology

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5
Q

____ is the study of viruses.

A

Virology

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6
Q

____ is the study of protozoa.

A

Protozoology

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7
Q

____ is the study of fungi.

A

Mycology

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8
Q

Staph and strept infections are examples of ____.

A

Bacteria

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9
Q

What is the smallest free living organism and the cause of primary atypical pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasmas

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10
Q

____ are febrile (fever) infections that are spread mostly by insects. Typhus fever was the example given.

A

Rickettsia

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11
Q

Parrot fever and Non Gonococcal Urethritis (NGU) are examples of ____.

A

Chlamydia

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12
Q

____ are the smallest M.O.’s known.

Examples are measles, mumps, & flu.

A

Viruses

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13
Q

Malaria and amebic dysentery are both examples of ____.

A

Protozoa

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14
Q

Yeasts and molds are two examples of ____.

Examples are athletes foot and thrush.

A

Fungi

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15
Q

____ are extremely hard to kill.

Example is Creutzfeld Jakobs disease (CJ.)

A

Prion

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16
Q

____ is the study of external structure and form without regard to its function.

A

Morphology

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17
Q

The shape spherical (round) is known in microbiology as ____.

A

Coccus

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18
Q

The shape rod (capsule) is known in microbiology as ____.

A

Bacillus

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19
Q

The shape spiral is known in microbiology as ____, ____, and ____.

A

Vibrio (looks like a comma)

Spirillum (looks like a ~)

Spirochete (looks like a corkscrew)

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20
Q

Unit of measure L is ____.

A

Micron

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21
Q

Unit of measure M is ____.

A

Nanometer

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22
Q

Unit of measure S is ____.

A

Angstrom

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23
Q

What is the hierarchy order?

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family 
Genus
Species
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24
Q

____ is ALWAYS capitalized and usually indicates something about the morphology, or may pay honor to the person who discovered it.

Example: Staphylococcus aureus

A

Genus Name

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25
Q

____ is NEVER capitalized, and it usually would indicated an infection caused by that M.O. If not, usually indicates a lab characteristic.

Example: Staphylococcus aureus

A

Species Name

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26
Q

____ grows together in bunches, like grapes.

A

Staphylococcus

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27
Q

____ grows together in chains of two.

A

Streptococcus

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28
Q

____ grows together in rod shaped bacteria.

A

Diplobacilli

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29
Q

____ is the outermost layer which gives shape and integrity to bacteria; its makeup used to differ among M.O.’s.

A

Cell Wall

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30
Q

____ thinner, inner layer; controls entry and exit into bacteria.

A

Cell Membrane

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31
Q

____ is the living substance in cells.

A

Cytoplasm

32
Q

____ is located on the outside of certain bacteria; protects cells from phagocytosis, thus enhancing virulence of M.O.’s. Also known as “slime layer.”

A

Capsule

33
Q

____ is the best means of protection any M.O. can possess; NOT a means if reproduction; only 1 per cell, when formed; Bacillus and Clostridium only. These only form during adverse living conditions.

A

Endospore

34
Q

The engulfing and usually destruction of particulate matter “cell ingestion”, and white blood cell eating is the definition of ____?

A

Phagocytosis

35
Q

____ is the relative power of an organism to produce disease

A

Virulence

36
Q

____ is any bacteria that can never form endospores; OR any bacteria that can produce endospores, or one currently not producing them.

A

Vegetative Bacteria

37
Q

____ currently produces endospores; occurs under adverse living conditions.

A

Sporulating Bacteria

38
Q

____ is when free endospores forms a new vegetative cell when good living conditions return.

A

Germinating Bacteria

39
Q

____ is used for movement of bacteria; long, whiplike structures attached to outside; many variations are known of. (Monotrichous, peritrichous.)

A

Flagella

40
Q

____ used to aid in the attachment to the initial site of infection, shorter than flagella. Known as “little hairs.”

A

Pili

41
Q

Bacterial typical reproduction known as ____ (simple transverse division) ; an asexual means.

A

Binary fission

42
Q

____ is a visible growth of bacteria growing on a culture medium (nutrient broth, blood agar.)

A

Bacterial colony

43
Q

Bacteria that obtains its food from inorganic matter; contains no carbon is ____ bacteria.

A

Autotrophic

44
Q

Bacteria that obtains its food from organic matter; contains carbon is ____ bacteria.

A

Heterotrophic

45
Q

Must obtain its food from dead organic matter is a ___?

A

Strict (obligate) saprophyte

46
Q

Out of Micron, Angstrom, and Nanometer ____ is the middle unit of measure.

A

Nanometer

47
Q

Must obtain its food from living organic matter is ____?

A

Strict (obligate) parasites

48
Q

Obtains its food from either dead or living organic matter; preferred condition is dead matter is ____ bacteria?

A

Facultative

49
Q

All pathogens are classified as ____?

A

Heterotrophic.

50
Q

Organism that must have the absence of oxygen to live are ____?

A

Strict (obligate) anaerobes

51
Q

Organisms have the presence of oxygen to live is ____?

A

Strict (obligate) aerobes

52
Q

Can live in either the presence or absence of oxygen ; preferred condition is absence is ____?

A

Facultative Bacteria

53
Q

Out of Micron, Angstrom, and Nanometer ____ is the largest unit of measure.

A

Micron

54
Q

Organisms that live in the presence of oxygen, but at a level less than required for humans is ____?

A

Microaerophiles

55
Q

|——————————|
0. 7 14

7 is ____ and is ____ alkaline?

13 is ____ and is ____ alkaline?

A

Water … Neutral

Milk … Highly

56
Q

Percentage of H ion in solution; slightly alkaline for most pathogens is ____?

A

pH

57
Q

Anything above 7 on the pH scale is ____?

A

Alkaline

58
Q

Anything below 7 on the pH scale is ____?

A

Acidic

59
Q

10.5 on the pH scale is ____?

A

Moderately alkaline

60
Q

What is the letter symbol for Angstrom?

A

S

61
Q

7 on the pH scale is _____ ?

A

Neutral

62
Q

5 on the pH scale is ____?

A

Slightly acidic

63
Q

14 on the pH scale is ____?

A

Highly alkaline

64
Q

Out of Micron, Angstrom, and Nanometer ____ is the smallest unit of measure.

A

Angstrom

65
Q

What is the letter symbol for Micron?

A

L

66
Q

0 on the pH scale is ____?

A

Highly acidic

67
Q

What is the letter symbol for Nanometer?

A

M

68
Q

3.5 on the pH scale is ____?

A

Moderately acidic

69
Q

____ is a preferred condition.

A

Facultative Bacteria

70
Q

____ on the pH scale is the number for water.

A

7

71
Q

What is the normal pH for blood?

A

7.3 - 7.4

72
Q

____ on the pH scale is the number for hydrochloric acid.

A

1

73
Q

____ is 25,000 of and inch.

A

Micron

74
Q

____ is 250,000 of an inch

A

Nanometer

75
Q

____ is 2.5 millionth of an inch

A

Angstrom

76
Q

____ on the pH scale is the number for milk.

A

13

77
Q

What causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Rickettsia

Microbiology (6 decks)

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