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Lab Procedures 1 > Microbiology Exam 1 > Flashcards

Microbiology Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what does KOH stand for?

A

potassium hydroxide

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2
Q

what is a microorganism?

A

Any tiny, usually microscopic, entity capable of carrying on living processes

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3
Q

what are the 4 types of microorganisms?

A

Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites

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4
Q

definition of viruses

A
  • The smallest microorganisms, consist of either RNA or DNA molecules
  • Need to live in a host cell and use the host cell’s metabolic machinery to multiply.
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5
Q

definition of bacteria

A

-Classified as prokaryote (unicellular organisms) because they have a cell wall as well as a cell membrane but no visible nucleus

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6
Q

definition of fungi

A
  • Are generally classified as molds or yeasts or a combination
  • Are eukaryotic — possess a true nucleus with a nuclear membrane
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7
Q

definition of parasites

A
  • Parasites are organisms that live in or on a host and derive nourishment from the host
  • Can be one-celled protozoa or many-celled organisms such as helminths
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8
Q

Normal Flora

A

microorganisms that are normally found in and on the human body & assist in preventing the growth and spread of disease-causing microorganisms

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9
Q

Infection

A

Disease that occurs when pathogenic microorganisms invade the body and overcome its natural defense mechanisms

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10
Q

definition of viruses

A
  • The smallest microorganisms, consist of either RNA or DNA molecules
  • Need to live in a host cell and use the host cell’s metabolic machinery to multiply.
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11
Q

Colonies

A

Visible masses of bacteria formed on a culture medium by one bacterium growing and multiplying

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12
Q

What is a parasite?

A

Organisms that live in or on a host and derive nourishment from the host

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13
Q

3 Types of Parasites?

A

helminths, arthropods, protozoa

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14
Q

what is a helmith?

A

worm

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15
Q

what is an arthropod?

A

Spiders, fleas, tics

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16
Q

what is a protozoa?

A

flagulates

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17
Q

Nomenclature standard rule of the genus and species name-

A
  • In this system, each plant and animal have 2 parts: the genus (group) and the species (kind).
  • The genus is capitalized and the species is in lowercase.
  • The genus and species are italicized, as in Staphylococcus aureus.
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18
Q

3 classifications of bacteria?

A
  • Coccus
  • Bacillus
  • Spirillum
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19
Q

What shape is coccus?

A

round bacterium that grows in grapelike clusters

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20
Q

what shape is bacillus?

A

rod shaped bacteria

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21
Q

what shape is spirillum?

A

spiral shaped bacteria

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22
Q

In regards to all specimen collections, how can results be good?

A

Only as good as the sample that is taken

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23
Q

When is the ideal time to collect a microbiology specimen

A

Before antibiotics are administered

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24
Q

Sites for collection of microbiology specimens

A

nose, throat

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25
Q

MA role in microbiology lab testing

A

■ MA often responsible for collecting microbiologic specimens:
– Examples: throat, nose, blood, and wound specimens
■ MA may assist physician in collecting microbiologic specimens:
– Examples: vagina, cervix, urethra, rectum

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26
Q

Throat culture procedure

A
  • 2 swabs
  • Don’t touch teeth, tongue, uvula
  • Figure 8 motion
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27
Q

Why are blood cultures ordered by a provider?

A

Fever of unknown origin

28
Q

Collection kits for transporting fecal ova and parasite specimens consist of

A

2 containers : 1 w/ formalin and 1 w/ PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol)

29
Q

how many containers are there in a collection kit for transporting fecal ova and parasite specimens?

A

2 containers

30
Q

What does PVA stand for?

A

Polyvinyl Alcohol

31
Q

What is the purpose of the gram stain procedure?

A

Differentiating bacteria based on dye

32
Q

Crystal violet: Gram Stain Procedure

A

first stain and primary stain

33
Q

what is the purpose of Gram’s iodine- mordant?

A

to hold crystal violet to gram

34
Q

what is Decolorizer?

A

most important step (acetone OR ethyl alcohol)

35
Q

What is done between each step?

A

Rinsed with water

36
Q

Gram-positive microorganism stain color

A

Purple

37
Q

Gram-negative microorganism stain color

A

Pink/Red

38
Q

What is a smear?

A

Roll the direct smear swab specimen onto the slide; make sure that all areas of the swab touch the slide

A portion of the specimen is generally smeared onto a slide or placed into a solution on a slide

39
Q

What is a Wet mount?

A

are rapid microscopic techniques done to view organisms in their living state

40
Q

KOH preparation

A

Another type of microbiology slide identification, shows fungal hyphae from skin dermatophyte infections as well as yeast.

41
Q

Cellulose tape test

A

consists of laying cellulose tape (sticky side down) over the person’s anal area and then placing the tape sticky side down on a glass slide.

42
Q

Alpha (Hemolysis)

A

incomplete hemolysis of RBCs seen as a green color around the colonies

43
Q

Beta (Hemolysis)

A
  • bacteria that causes strep throat is demonstrated as beta

- complete hemolysis of RBCs seen as a clear area around the colonies

44
Q

Gamma (Hemolysis)

A

occurs when no toxin is present and therefore no hemolysis is seen around the colonies.

45
Q

Bacitracin

A

antibiotic impregnated into a disk

46
Q

Influenza and antigenic drift

A

Drift: Gradual change in the virus strain

47
Q

Influenza and antigenic shift

A

Shift: Abrupt change in the antigenic properties of the virus. Causes a pandemic

48
Q

what disease is Enterobius vermicularis?

A

Pinworm

49
Q

what type of microorganism is Enterobius vermicularis?

A

parasite – roundworm

50
Q

what type of test is done for Enterobius vermicularis?

A

cellulose tape test

51
Q

What disease is Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Gonorrhea

52
Q

What test is done for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

JEMBEC plate, swab, Gram stain

53
Q

What type of microorganism is Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Gram negative diplococcus

54
Q

What disease is Gardnerella vaginalis?

A

Bacterial Vaginosis

55
Q

What test is done for Gardnerella vaginalis?

A

Wet mount

56
Q

What type of microorganism is Gardnerella vaginalis?

A

Gram negative coccobacillus

57
Q

What disease is Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

58
Q

What test is done for Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Wet Mount

59
Q

What type of microorganism is Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Pear Shaped Protozoa

60
Q

What disease is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

tuberculosis

61
Q

What tests are done for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A
  • Sputum for culture Tuberculosis

- Bacilli acid fast stain to identify Microorg.

62
Q

What type of microorganism is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Acid fast branching bacilli

63
Q

What disease is Candida albicans?

A

Oral Thrush

64
Q

What disease is Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Yeast Infection

65
Q

What disease is Streptococcus pyogenes

Group A Streptococcus ?

A

Strep Throat

66
Q

What tests are done for Streptococcus pyogenes

Group A Streptococcus ?

A

Rapid Strep & Throat culture

67
Q

What type of microorganism is Streptococcus pyogenes

Group A Streptococcus?

A

Gram Positive cocci in pairs

Lab Procedures 1 (7 decks)

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