Microbiology Exam 1

Question 1

what does KOH stand for?

Answer 1

potassium hydroxide

Question 2

what is a microorganism?

Answer 2

Any tiny, usually microscopic, entity capable of carrying on living processes

Question 3

what are the 4 types of microorganisms?

Answer 3

Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites

Question 4

definition of viruses

Answer 4

• The smallest microorganisms, consist of either RNA or DNA molecules
• Need to live in a host cell and use the host cell’s metabolic machinery to multiply.

Question 5

definition of bacteria

Answer 5

-Classified as prokaryote (unicellular organisms) because they have a cell wall as well as a cell membrane but no visible nucleus

Question 6

definition of fungi

Answer 6

• Are generally classified as molds or yeasts or a combination
• Are eukaryotic — possess a true nucleus with a nuclear membrane

Question 7

definition of parasites

Answer 7

• Parasites are organisms that live in or on a host and derive nourishment from the host
• Can be one-celled protozoa or many-celled organisms such as helminths

Question 8

Normal Flora

Answer 8

microorganisms that are normally found in and on the human body & assist in preventing the growth and spread of disease-causing microorganisms

Question 9

Infection

Answer 9

Disease that occurs when pathogenic microorganisms invade the body and overcome its natural defense mechanisms

Question 10

definition of viruses

Answer 10

• The smallest microorganisms, consist of either RNA or DNA molecules
• Need to live in a host cell and use the host cell’s metabolic machinery to multiply.

Question 11

Colonies

Answer 11

Visible masses of bacteria formed on a culture medium by one bacterium growing and multiplying

Question 12

What is a parasite?

Answer 12

Organisms that live in or on a host and derive nourishment from the host

Question 13

3 Types of Parasites?

Answer 13

helminths, arthropods, protozoa

Question 14

what is a helmith?

Answer 14

worm

Question 15

what is an arthropod?

Answer 15

Spiders, fleas, tics

Question 16

what is a protozoa?

Answer 16

flagulates

Question 17

Nomenclature standard rule of the genus and species name-

Answer 17

• In this system, each plant and animal have 2 parts: the genus (group) and the species (kind).
• The genus is capitalized and the species is in lowercase.
• The genus and species are italicized, as in Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 18

3 classifications of bacteria?

Answer 18

• Coccus
• Bacillus
• Spirillum

Question 19

What shape is coccus?

Answer 19

round bacterium that grows in grapelike clusters

Question 20

what shape is bacillus?

Answer 20

rod shaped bacteria

Question 21

what shape is spirillum?

Answer 21

spiral shaped bacteria

Question 22

In regards to all specimen collections, how can results be good?

Answer 22

Only as good as the sample that is taken

Question 23

When is the ideal time to collect a microbiology specimen

Answer 23

Before antibiotics are administered

Question 24

Sites for collection of microbiology specimens

Answer 24

nose, throat

Question 25

MA role in microbiology lab testing

Answer 25

■ MA often responsible for collecting microbiologic specimens: – Examples: throat, nose, blood, and wound specimens ■ MA may assist physician in collecting microbiologic specimens: – Examples: vagina, cervix, urethra, rectum

Question 26

Throat culture procedure

Answer 26

- 2 swabs - Don’t touch teeth, tongue, uvula - Figure 8 motion

Question 27

Why are blood cultures ordered by a provider?

Answer 27

Fever of unknown origin

Question 28

Collection kits for transporting fecal ova and parasite specimens consist of

Answer 28

2 containers : 1 w/ formalin and 1 w/ PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol)

Question 29

how many containers are there in a collection kit for transporting fecal ova and parasite specimens?

Answer 29

2 containers

Question 30

What does PVA stand for?

Answer 30

Polyvinyl Alcohol

Question 31

What is the purpose of the gram stain procedure?

Answer 31

Differentiating bacteria based on dye

Question 32

Crystal violet: Gram Stain Procedure

Answer 32

first stain and primary stain

Question 33

what is the purpose of Gram’s iodine- mordant?

Answer 33

to hold crystal violet to gram

Question 34

what is Decolorizer?

Answer 34

most important step (acetone OR ethyl alcohol)

Question 35

What is done between each step?

Answer 35

Rinsed with water

Question 36

Gram-positive microorganism stain color

Answer 36

Purple

Question 37

Gram-negative microorganism stain color

Answer 37

Pink/Red

Question 38

What is a smear?

Answer 38

Roll the direct smear swab specimen onto the slide; make sure that all areas of the swab touch the slide A portion of the specimen is generally smeared onto a slide or placed into a solution on a slide

Question 39

What is a Wet mount?

Answer 39

are rapid microscopic techniques done to view organisms in their living state

Question 40

KOH preparation

Answer 40

Another type of microbiology slide identification, shows fungal hyphae from skin dermatophyte infections as well as yeast.

Question 41

Cellulose tape test

Answer 41

consists of laying cellulose tape (sticky side down) over the person’s anal area and then placing the tape sticky side down on a glass slide.

Question 42

Alpha (Hemolysis)

Answer 42

incomplete hemolysis of RBCs seen as a green color around the colonies

Question 43

Beta (Hemolysis)

Answer 43

- bacteria that causes strep throat is demonstrated as beta | - complete hemolysis of RBCs seen as a clear area around the colonies

Question 44

Gamma (Hemolysis)

Answer 44

occurs when no toxin is present and therefore no hemolysis is seen around the colonies.

Question 45

Bacitracin

Answer 45

antibiotic impregnated into a disk

Question 46

Influenza and antigenic drift

Answer 46

Drift: Gradual change in the virus strain

Question 47

Influenza and antigenic shift

Answer 47

Shift: Abrupt change in the antigenic properties of the virus. Causes a pandemic

Question 48

what disease is Enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 48

Pinworm

Question 49

what type of microorganism is Enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 49

parasite – roundworm

Question 50

what type of test is done for Enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 50

cellulose tape test

Question 51

What disease is Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Answer 51

Gonorrhea

Question 52

What test is done for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Answer 52

JEMBEC plate, swab, Gram stain

Question 53

What type of microorganism is Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Answer 53

Gram negative diplococcus

Question 54

What disease is Gardnerella vaginalis?

Answer 54

Bacterial Vaginosis

Question 55

What test is done for Gardnerella vaginalis?

Answer 55

Wet mount

Question 56

What type of microorganism is Gardnerella vaginalis?

Answer 56

Gram negative coccobacillus

Question 57

What disease is Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 57

Trichomonas Vaginalis

Question 58

What test is done for Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 58

Wet Mount

Question 59

What type of microorganism is Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 59

Pear Shaped Protozoa

Question 60

What disease is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Answer 60

tuberculosis

Question 61

What tests are done for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Answer 61

- Sputum for culture Tuberculosis | - Bacilli acid fast stain to identify Microorg.

Question 62

What type of microorganism is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Answer 62

Acid fast branching bacilli

Question 63

What disease is Candida albicans?

Answer 63

Oral Thrush

Question 64

What disease is Chlamydia trachomatis?

Answer 64

Yeast Infection

Question 65

What disease is Streptococcus pyogenes | Group A Streptococcus ?

Answer 65

Strep Throat

Question 66

What tests are done for Streptococcus pyogenes | Group A Streptococcus ?

Answer 66

Rapid Strep & Throat culture

Question 67

What type of microorganism is Streptococcus pyogenes | Group A Streptococcus?

Answer 67

Gram Positive cocci in pairs