Chapter 3: Urinalysis Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Nephron

A

functional unit of the kidney

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2
Q

urinary bladder

A

hollow muscular organ that holds urine until it’s expelled

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3
Q

renal tubules

A

parts of nephron composed of proximal convoluted tubules, the nephron loop (loop of henle), and distal convoluted tubules

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4
Q

glomerulus

A

filtering unit of the kidney

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5
Q

renal threshold

A

blood levels of a substance are too high to allow any more to be reabsorbed, the substance is excreted in the urine

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6
Q

Flow of Urine/blood in urinary system

A
1-bloodstream
2-glomerulus
3-glomerular (bowmans capsule)
4-renal tubules
5-collecting ducts
6-renal pelvis
7-ureter
8-urinary bladder
9-urethra
10-urinary meatus
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7
Q

substances usually found in urine

A

sodium, potassium, urea, uric acid, creatinine, ammonia, bicarbonate ion

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8
Q

substances not usually found in urine

A

glucose, blood, proteins, RBCs, hemoglobin, WBCs, bile

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9
Q

What are the names of the 3 mechanisms for urine formation?

A

-filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

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10
Q

what are the functions of the urinary system?

A
  • removes unwanted waste substances
  • stabilizes blood volume, acidity, and electrolytes
  • regulates extra cellular fluids of the body and absorption of calcium ions by activating vitamin D
  • secretes the hormones (erythropoietin and renin)
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11
Q

erythropoietin

A

controls rate of red blood cell formation

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12
Q

renin

A

regulates blood pressure

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13
Q

examine urine within how long of collection??

A

within 1 hour

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14
Q

why are UTI’s more common in females?

A

-they have a shorter urethra so bacteria has more of an opportunity to spread/travel to urinary system

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15
Q

what is the major consituent of urine?

A

water?

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16
Q

why can’t urine stand at room temperature for a long period of time?

A

bacteria starts multiplying

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17
Q

how much urine does the normal adult excrete per day?

A

1200 to 1500 ml of urine per day

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18
Q

bacteria in urine has what type of smell?

A

ammonia

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19
Q

definition of urinalysis

A

description and measurement of the substances found in urine

20
Q

what is the most common type of test performed in the POL?

A

urinalysis

21
Q

3 parts of routine urinalysis

A

1-physical
2-chemical
3-microscopic

22
Q

3 reasons why a urinalysis could be ordered by a provider

A

1-screening
2-diagnosis
3-treatment

23
Q

anuria

A

no flow of urine; complete absence of urine production

24
Q

oliguria

A

decrease in flow and volume of urine

25
what number defines oliguria???
less than 500 ml of urine in 24 hours
26
polyuria
frequent urinary flow producing abnormally large amounts
27
what number defines polyuria??
more than 2000 mL in 24 hr
28
diuresis
increase in the volume of urine output from the kidney
29
3 renal tubules
- proximal convoluted tubules - nephron loop=loop of henle - distal convoluted tubules
30
urgency
immediate need to void
31
pyuria
white blood cells in the urine
32
glycosuria
sugars (especially glucose) in the urine
33
hematuria
intact red blood cells in the urine
34
urochrome
normal pigment (gives urine its characteristic shades of yellow color)
35
dysuria
painful urination
36
micturition
urinating/voiding
37
first morning specimen
- most concentrated - greatest amount of dissolved substances - volume of 25 mL - probability of detecting abnormalities increases
38
preservatives
TOXIC
39
random urine specimen
at least 25 mL, any time of the day, most of the time collected in a medical office
40
descriptive words used for the normal color of urine
- straw (light yellow) - yellow - amber (dark yellow)
41
descriptive words for urine's appearance
clear hazy (slightly cloudy) cloudy turbid (very cloudy)
42
What are the abnormal colors of urine?
- yellow-brown - orange-yellow - green - dark red
43
what does yellow-brown pee mean?
billirubin
44
what does orange-yellow pee mean?
urobillirubin
45
what does green pee mean?
Biliverdin (oxidation of bilirubin) foam test is needed for this
46
what does dark red/red pee mean?
red blood cells