Chapter 3: Urinalysis Exam 1

Question 1

Nephron

Answer 1

functional unit of the kidney

Question 2

urinary bladder

Answer 2

hollow muscular organ that holds urine until it’s expelled

Question 3

renal tubules

Answer 3

parts of nephron composed of proximal convoluted tubules, the nephron loop (loop of henle), and distal convoluted tubules

Question 4

glomerulus

Answer 4

filtering unit of the kidney

Question 5

renal threshold

Answer 5

blood levels of a substance are too high to allow any more to be reabsorbed, the substance is excreted in the urine

Question 6

Flow of Urine/blood in urinary system

Answer 6

1-bloodstream
2-glomerulus
3-glomerular (bowmans capsule)
4-renal tubules
5-collecting ducts
6-renal pelvis
7-ureter
8-urinary bladder
9-urethra
10-urinary meatus

Question 7

substances usually found in urine

Answer 7

sodium, potassium, urea, uric acid, creatinine, ammonia, bicarbonate ion

Question 8

substances not usually found in urine

Answer 8

glucose, blood, proteins, RBCs, hemoglobin, WBCs, bile

Question 9

What are the names of the 3 mechanisms for urine formation?

Answer 9

-filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Question 10

what are the functions of the urinary system?

Answer 10

• removes unwanted waste substances
• stabilizes blood volume, acidity, and electrolytes
• regulates extra cellular fluids of the body and absorption of calcium ions by activating vitamin D
• secretes the hormones (erythropoietin and renin)

Question 11

erythropoietin

Answer 11

controls rate of red blood cell formation

Question 12

renin

Answer 12

regulates blood pressure

Question 13

examine urine within how long of collection??

Answer 13

within 1 hour

Question 14

why are UTI’s more common in females?

Answer 14

-they have a shorter urethra so bacteria has more of an opportunity to spread/travel to urinary system

Question 15

what is the major consituent of urine?

Answer 15

water?

Question 16

why can’t urine stand at room temperature for a long period of time?

Answer 16

bacteria starts multiplying

Question 17

how much urine does the normal adult excrete per day?

Answer 17

1200 to 1500 ml of urine per day

Question 18

bacteria in urine has what type of smell?

Answer 18

ammonia

Question 19

definition of urinalysis

Answer 19

description and measurement of the substances found in urine

Question 20

what is the most common type of test performed in the POL?

Answer 20

urinalysis

Question 21

3 parts of routine urinalysis

Answer 21

1-physical
2-chemical
3-microscopic

Question 22

3 reasons why a urinalysis could be ordered by a provider

Answer 22

1-screening
2-diagnosis
3-treatment

Question 23

anuria

Answer 23

no flow of urine; complete absence of urine production

Question 24

oliguria

Answer 24

decrease in flow and volume of urine

Question 25

what number defines oliguria???

Answer 25

less than 500 ml of urine in 24 hours

Question 26

polyuria

Answer 26

frequent urinary flow producing abnormally large amounts

Question 27

what number defines polyuria??

Answer 27

more than 2000 mL in 24 hr

Question 28

diuresis

Answer 28

increase in the volume of urine output from the kidney

Question 29

3 renal tubules

Answer 29

• proximal convoluted tubules
• nephron loop=loop of henle
• distal convoluted tubules

Question 30

urgency

Answer 30

immediate need to void

Question 31

pyuria

Answer 31

white blood cells in the urine

Question 32

glycosuria

Answer 32

sugars (especially glucose) in the urine

Question 33

hematuria

Answer 33

intact red blood cells in the urine

Question 34

urochrome

Answer 34

normal pigment (gives urine its characteristic shades of yellow color)

Question 35

dysuria

Answer 35

painful urination

Question 36

micturition

Answer 36

urinating/voiding

Question 37

first morning specimen

Answer 37

• most concentrated
• greatest amount of dissolved substances
• volume of 25 mL
• probability of detecting abnormalities increases

Question 38

preservatives

Answer 38

TOXIC

Question 39

random urine specimen

Answer 39

at least 25 mL, any time of the day, most of the time collected in a medical office

Question 40

descriptive words used for the normal color of urine

Answer 40

• straw (light yellow)
• yellow
• amber (dark yellow)

Question 41

descriptive words for urine’s appearance

Answer 41

clear
hazy (slightly cloudy)
cloudy
turbid (very cloudy)

Question 42

What are the abnormal colors of urine?

Answer 42

• yellow-brown
• orange-yellow
• green
• dark red

Question 43

what does yellow-brown pee mean?

Answer 43

billirubin

Question 44

what does orange-yellow pee mean?

Answer 44

urobillirubin

Question 45

what does green pee mean?

Answer 45

Biliverdin (oxidation of bilirubin)

foam test is needed for this

Question 46

what does dark red/red pee mean?

Answer 46

red blood cells