Microbiology Chapter 14

Question 1

A category of immune response and first line of defense

Answer 1

Innate/Nonspecific

Question 2

A defense a person is born with. It is nonspecific (protects against many different infections) and act immediately

Answer 2

Innate/Nonspecific

Question 3

Examples of Non-specific Immunity

Answer 3

1. Barriers
2. Inflammation
3. Phagocytosis
4. Interferon
5. Complement

Question 4

Are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity

Answer 4

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

Question 5

Horse shoe or polymorphic nuclei.
It is present in high numbers in blood and tissue. It Phagocytizes (ingests) bacteria - granules are digestive enzymes. IT IS FIRST TO ARRIVE DURING AN IMMUNE RESPONSE (inflammation)

Answer 5

Neutrophils

Question 6

Bilobed nuclei. Present in the bone marrow and spleen. Attach and destroy ekaryotic pathogens. Associated with inflammation and allergies.

Answer 6

Eosinophils

Question 7

Constricted nuclei. Present in low in number in the body. Function is similar to eosinophils. Has Mast Cells which are tissue cells with similar function to basophils.

Answer 7

Basophils

Question 8

2 types of Agranulocytes/Mononuclear cells

Answer 8

Lymphocytes & Monocytes

Question 9

Part of the Innate Immunity. Have Natural Killer cells which attack virus infected cells and cancer cells. (T-cells and B-cells)

Answer 9

Lymphocytes

Question 10

Agranulocyte which differentiates into macrophages and dendritic cells in the tissues.

Answer 10

Monocytes

Question 11

Ingest and digest large particles (bacteria), process foreign molecules and present them to lymphocytes, and secrete compounds that regulate immunity.

Answer 11

Phagocytes

Question 12

Where are white cells formed and respond to foreign molecules

Answer 12

Thymus and Spleen

Question 13

Located in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity. Filter for blood (traps pathogens and destroys pathogens through phagocytosis by macrophages). Adults can survive without spleen. Asplenic children are severely immunocompromised.

Answer 13

Spleen

Question 14

Site for T-cells maturation. Embryo has two lobes in the pharyngeal region and has high activity (releases mature T cells) until puberty. In the adult, it gradually shrinks. It increases in size and effectiveness until puberty, then atrophies. Important for the formation of mature T-cells.

Answer 14

Thymus

Question 15

Traps incoming microbes from food. Supply lymphocytes for antibody response. (EX// Appendix, Tonsils, Payer’s Patches)

Answer 15

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT - also called GALT, gut associated lymphoid tissue.

Question 16

Has five major symptoms:

1. Redness
2. Warmth
3. Swelling
4. Pain
5. Loss of Function

Answer 16

Inflammation

Question 17

Caused by cytokines

Answer 17

Fever

Question 18

Proteins secreted by cells that activate other cells

Answer 18

Cytokines

Question 19

Caused by Pyrogens

Answer 19

Fever

Question 20

Secreted cytokine

Answer 20

Interferon

Question 21

Consists of 26 blood proteins. Produced by liver hepatocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes. It pathways, stages, and cascade reacts.

Answer 21

Complement

Question 22

Activated by the presence of antibody bound to microbes

Answer 22

Classical Pathway

Question 23

Activated when a host serum protein binds a sugar (mannan) in the wall of fungi and other microbes.

Answer 23

Lectin Pathway

Question 24

Activated when complement proteins bind to cell wall or surface components of microbes.

Answer 24

Alternative Pathway