Microbiology Chapter 13

Question 1

Proteins or glycoproteins found on attachment pili and capsules

Answer 1

Adhesins

Question 2

White blood cells that engulf and destroy pathogens

Answer 2

Phagocytes

Question 3

Enzyme that digest the protective coating on mucous membranes

Answer 3

Mucinase

Question 4

Enzyme that digest the principal component of skin and hair, secreted by fungi

Answer 4

Keratinase

Question 5

Enzyme that digest the principal fiber of connective tissue and is an invasive factor

Answer 5

Collagenase

Question 6

Enzyme that digests hyaluronic acid

Answer 6

Hyaluronidase

Question 7

Enzyme that increases blood clotting

Answer 7

Coagulase

Question 8

Enzyme that dissolves blood clots

Answer 8

Streptokinase

Question 9

Soluble proteins secreted by the pathogen.

Answer 9

Exotoxins

Question 10

Part of the cell wall released into the host tissue

Answer 10

Endotoxins

Question 11

Organisms that live on or in the body but do not cause disease

Answer 11

Normal (resident) biota (normal flora)

Question 12

The capacity to cause disease. It depends on its ability to invade, multiply on or in a host and avoid the host’s defenses.

Answer 12

Pathogenicity

Question 13

The intensity of disease produced by a pathogen

Answer 13

Virulence

Question 14

Resident or transient microflora that cause disease under certain conditions

Answer 14

Opportunists

Question 15

Time between infection and appearance of signs and symptoms.

Answer 15

Incubation Period

Question 16

Short period during which mild, nonspecific symptoms appear

Answer 16

Prodromal Phase

Question 17

Period during which the individual experiences typical signs and symptoms of a disease

Answer 17

Invasive Phase

Question 18

Period of healing

Answer 18

Convalescence period

Question 19

Infection of a previously healthy person - Usually acute

Answer 19

Primary infection

Question 20

Infection that immediately follows a primary infection. (Ear infection following a cold)

Answer 20

Secondary infection

Question 21

Characteristics of a disease that can be observed by examining the patient (Swelling, redness, coughing, etc)

Answer 21

Signs

Question 22

Characteristics of a disease that can be felt or observed by the patient. (Pain, nausea, headache, etc)

Answer 22

Symptoms

Question 23

Combination of signs and symptoms that are indicative of a particular disease.

Answer 23

Syndrome

Question 24

Individuals who harbor an infectious agent without having any observable symptoms

Answer 24

Carriers

Question 25

An animal that transmits infectious organism from one host to another

Answer 25

Vector

Question 26

Infection acquired in a hospital or other medical facility

Answer 26

Nosocomal infection

Question 27

Set of guidelines established by the CDC (Center for disease Control) to reduce the risks of nosocomial infections. Also important for the prevention of transmission of AIDS.

Answer 27

Universal Precautions

Question 28

Number of individuals affected by a disease during a set period of time in relation to the total number in the population.

Answer 28

Morbidity Rate

Question 29

Number of deaths due to a disease in a population during a specific period in relation to the total population.

Answer 29

Mortality Rate

Question 30

Infectious disease that exhibits a relatively steady frequency over a long time period in a particular georgraphic locale.

Answer 30

Endemic

Question 31

Diseased increasing beyond what is expected for that population

Answer 31

Epidemic

Question 32

The spread of an epidemic across continents

Answer 32

Pandemic