Microbiology - bugs Flashcards
1
Q
Give the investigations for staphylococcus aureus (3)
A
- ) Gram +ve cocci
- ) Catalase +ve
- ) Coagulase +ve
2
Q
What does staphylococcus aureus cause?
A
- ) Skin infections (impetigo/cellulitis)
- ) Osteomyelitis/septic arthritis
- ) Pneumonia
- ) Endocarditis
3
Q
What do we give to treat staphylococcus aureus?
A
Flucloxacillin (vancomycin if MRSA)
4
Q
Give the investigations for staphylococcus epidermis (3)
A
- ) Gram +ve cocci
- ) Catalase +ve
- ) Coagulase -ve
5
Q
What does staphylococcus epidermidis cause?
A
Endocarditis (prosthetic valves)
6
Q
What do we give to treat staphylococcus epidermis?
A
Flucloxacillin
7
Q
Give the investigations for staphylococcus saphrophyticus (3)
A
- ) Gram +ve cocci
- ) Catalase +ve
- ) Coagulase -ve
8
Q
What does staphylococcus saphrophyticus cause?
A
Honeymoon cystitis (UTI)
9
Q
What do we give to treat staphylococcus saphrophyticus?
A
Trimethoprim
10
Q
Give the investigations for streptococcus pneumoniae (4)
A
- ) Gram +ve cocci
- ) Catalase -ve
- ) Green BA (ALPHA)
- ) Optochin sensitive
11
Q
What does streptococcus pneumoniae cause?
A
- ) Pneumonia (community)
- ) Meningitis
12
Q
What do we give to treat streptococcus pneumoniae? (2)
A
Amoxicillin, cephotaxime
13
Q
Give the investigations for streptococcus viridans (4)
A
- ) Gram +ve cocci
- ) Catalase -ve
- ) Green BA (ALPHA)
- ) Optochin resistant
14
Q
What does streptococcus viridans cause?
A
Endocarditis (rheumatic patients in dental)
15
Q
What do we give to treat streptococcus viridans? (2)
A
Benzylpenicillin and gentamycin
16
Q
Give the investigations for streptococcus pyogenes (4)
A
- ) Gram +ve cocci
- ) Catalase -ve
- ) Clear BA (BETA)
- ) Lancefield type A
17
Q
What does streptococcus pyogenes cause?
A
- ) Cellulitis, nec fac, impetigo, scarlet fever
- ) Strep throat
- ) Rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis
18
Q
What do we give to treat streptococcus pyogenes?
A
Amoxicillin
19
Q
Give the investigations for listeria monocytogenes (2)
A
- ) Gram +ve bacilli
- ) Aerobic
20
Q
What does listeria monocytogenes cause?
A
- ) Meningitis (immunocompromised)
- ) Sepsis (neonates)
- ) Abortion (pregnancy)
21
Q
What do we give to treat listeria monocytogenes? (2)
A
Amoxicillin and gentamycin
22
Q
Give the investigations for clostridium (2)
A
- ) Gram +ve bacilli
- ) Anaerobic
23
Q
What does clostridium cause?
A
- ) Perfringes - gas gangrene
- ) Tetani - tetanus
- ) Difficile - pseudomem colitis
- ) Botulinum - botulism
24
Q
Give the investigations for bacillus (2)
A
- ) Gram +ve bacilli
- ) Anaerobic
25
What does bacillus cause?
- ) Anthracis - antrax
| - ) Cereus - food poisoning (rice)
26
Which gram positive bacteria is notifiable?
Bacillus
27
Give the investigations for escherichia coli (2)
- ) Gram -ve bacilli
| - ) Lactose fermenter
28
What does escherichia coli cause?
- ) Diarrhoea
- ) UTI
- ) Pneumonia
- ) Meningitis
29
What do we give to treat escherichia coli? (3)
- ) Supportive
- ) Trimetrhoprime
- ) Amoxicillin
30
Give the investigations for klebsiella pneumoniae (2)
- ) Gram -ve bacteria
| - ) Lactose fermenter
31
What does klebsiella pneumoniae cause?
- ) Pneumonia (hospital/immuno)
| - ) UTI
32
What do we give to treat klebsiella pneumoniae?
Cefotaxime (cephalosporin)
33
Give the investigations for nesisseria (2)
- ) Gram -ve cocci
| - ) Oxidase +ve
34
What does nesisseria cause?
- ) Meningitis (teens)
| - ) Gonorrhoea
35
What do we give to treat nesisseria? (2)
- ) Benzylpenicillin
| - ) Ciprofloxacin
36
Give the investigations for haemophilus influenzae (2)
- ) Gram -ve coccobacilli (parvobacteria)
| - ) VX on chocolate agar
37
What does haemophilus influenzae cause?
- ) Meningitis (teens)
- ) Pneumonia
- ) Cellulitis
38
What do we give to treat haemophilus influenzae?
Cefotaxime
39
Give the investigations for legionella pneumophila (2)
- ) Gram -ve coccobacilli
| - ) Urine antigen test
40
What does legionella pneumophila cause?
Pneumonia (water)
41
What do we give to treat legionella pneumophila? (2)
Amoxicillin and rifampicin
42
Give the investigations for pseudomonas auguensa (3)
- ) Gram -ve bacilli
- ) Non-lactose fermenter
- ) Oxidase +ve
43
What does pseudomonas auguensa cause?
- ) UTI (catheterised)
- ) Pneumonia (bronchiectasis/CF)
- ) Smelly sputum
44
What do we give to treat pseudomonas auguensa? (2)
Gentamycin and ceftazidime
45
Give the investigations for proteus mirabilis (2)
- ) Gram -ve bacilli
| - ) Non-lactose fermenter
46
What does proteus mirabilis cause?
- ) UTI
| - ) Kidney stones
47
What do we give to treat proteus mirabilis?
Trimethoprim
48
Give the investigations for campylobacter jejuni/coli (2)
- ) Parvobacteria, gram -ve coccobacilli
| - ) Oxidase +ve
49
What does campylobacter jejuni/coli cause?
- ) Diarrhoea +/- dysentery
- ) Reactive arthritis
- ) Guillain Barre
50
What do we give to treat campylobacter jejuni/coli?
None/ciprofloxacin
51
Give the investigation for helicobacter pylori (1)
Oxidase +ve
52
What does helicobacter pylori cause?
- ) Chronic gastritis
| - ) Peptic ulcers
53
What do we give to treat helicobacter pylori? (3)
Amoxicillin and clarythromycin and PPI
54
Give the investigations for salmonella (3)
- ) Gram -ve bacilli
- ) Non-lactose fermenter
- ) Oxidase -ve
55
What does salmonella cause?
Diarrhoea and abdominal pain
56
Give the investigations for shigella (3)
- ) Gram -ve bacilli
- ) Non lactose fermenter
- ) Oxidase -ve
57
What does shigella cause?
Dysentery
58
Give the investigations for mycobacterium tuberculosis (2)
- ) Acid fast bacilli (Ziehl-Neelsen stain)
| - ) Culture - Lowenstein-Jenson slopes
59
What does mycobacterium tuberculosis cause?
TB
60
What do we give to treat mycobacterium tuberculosis? (4)
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
61
Which gram negative bacteria is notifiable?
Legionella pneumophila
62
Give the investigations for HIV (2)
- ) Retrovirus
| - ) Western blotting
63
What does HIV cause?
AIDS
64
How do we define AIDS? (2)
CD4<200
| AIDS defining illness
65
What do we give to treat HIV?
Antiretrovirals HAART
66
Give the investigation for herpes varicella zoster
ELISA - IgM antibody
67
What does herpes varicella zoster cause?
1 - cold sores
| 2 - genital ulcers and dysuria
68
What do we give to treat herpes varicella zoster?
Aciclovir
69
Give the investigation for EBV
Immunofluorescent anti-IgG
70
What does EBV cause?
Glandular fever
71
What do we give to treat EBV?
None (not PENICILLIN!)
72
What does EBV stand for?
Epstein-Barr virus
73
What does HPV cause?
Genital warts (cancer risk)
74
What do we do to treat HPV?
Surgery/cauterisation
75
What does HPV stand for?
Human papilloma virus
76
Give the investigation for cytomegalovirus
'Owl eye' inclusion bodies
77
What does cytomegalovirus cause?
- ) Glandular fever-like
| - ) Pneumonitis/hepatitis/diarrhoea (immunocompromised)
78
What do we give to treat cytomegalovirus?
Nothing
79
Give the investigations for hepatitis B (2)
- ) DNA
| - ) ELISA - HBsAg surface antigen
80
What does hepatitis B cause?
-) Fever, malaise, arthralgia ++, jaundice, pruritus
81
What do we give to treat hepatitis B?
Chronic - PEG interferon-alpha-2a
82
Give the investigation for hepatitis C
PCR - Hep C RNA
83
What does hepatitis C cause?
Mild, cirrhosis, cancer risk
84
What do we give to treat hepatitis C?
Chronic - PEG interferon-alpha-2a and ribavirin
85
Give the investigation for hepatitis A
ELISA - IgM antibody +ve
86
What does hepatitis A cause?
-) Fever, malaise, arthralgia, jaundice, rigor
87
What do we give to treat hepatitis A?
Supportive
88
Give the investigations for influenza A/B (2)
- ) RNA
| - ) NAAT/complement fixation test
89
What does influenza A/B cause?
-) Fever, malaise, arthralgia
90
What do we give to treat influenza A/B? (2)
- ) Supportive
| - ) Flu vaccine
91
Give the investigations for respiratory syncytial virus (2)
- ) RNA
| - ) Monoclonal ab +ve
92
What does respiratory syncytial virus cause?
- ) Bronchiolitis (infants)
| - ) Croup
93
Give the investigations for morbillivirus (2)
- ) Inclusion bodies
| - ) IgM +ve
94
What does morbillivirus cause?
-) Measles (fever, conjunctivits, rash behind ears not palms)
95
What do we give to treat morbillivirus?
Supportive
96
Give the investigation for enterovirus
Culture CSF
97
What does enterovirus cause?
Meningitis (slow onset)
98
Give the investigation for rubivirus
Rubella-specific IgM +ve
99
What does rubivirus cause?
-) Rubella/German measles (fever, conjunctivitis (petechial rash), congenital malformation of baby
100
How can we prevent rubivirus?
MMR vaccination
101
What do we give for rubivirus?
Nothing
102
Give the investigation for paramyxovirus
Salivary IgM +ve
103
What does paramyxovirus cause?
Mumps (parotid swelling/fever/malaise/epididymo-orchitis)
104
What do we give to treat paramyxovirus?
Supportive
105
Give the investigation for parvovirus (B19)
ELISA - IgM +ve (acute)
106
What does parvovirus (B19) cause?
Slapped cheek
107
What do we give to treat parvovirus (B19)?
Supportive
108
Which 3 viruses are notifiable?
- ) Morbillivirus
- ) Rubivirus
- ) Paramyxovirus
109
Give the investigation for candida albicans
Sabourad agar
110
What does candida albicans cause?
- ) Thrust (oral, oesophageal, vaginal)
| - ) Endocarditis
111
What do we give to treat candida albicans?
Amphotericin B
112
Give the investigation for pneumocystis jyrovecii pneumoniae
PCR detection
113
What does pneumocystis jyrovecii pneumoniae cause?
Pneumonia (HIV)
114
What do we give to treat pneumocystis jyrovecii pneumoniae?
Co-trimoxazole
115
Give the investigation for toxoplasmosis gondii
ELISA - IgM
116
What does toxoplasmosis gondii cause?
Encephalitis (AIDS)
117
What do we give to treat toxoplasmosis gondii? (2)
Pyrimethamine and sulphonamide
118
Give the investigation for plasmodium falciparum, p. vivid, p. ovale, p. malariae
Thick and thin blood smears stained with Giemsa stain
119
What do plasmodium falciparum, p. vivid, p. ovale, p. malariae cause?
Malaria (f - quptiden fever, v - 72hrly, m - 96hrly)
120
What do we give to treat plasmodium falciparum, p. vivid, p. ovale, p. malariae?
- ) Non F - chloroquine
| - ) F = quinine sulphate and doxycycline
121
Give the investigation for giardia lamblia
Microscopy - trophozoites and cysts
122
What does giardia lamblia cause?
Diarrhoea (watery then steatorrhoea and nausea and abdominal pain)
123
What do we give to treat giardia lamblia?
Metronidazole
124
Give the investigation for trichomonas vaginalis
Papanicolaou smear
125
What does trichomonas vaginalis cause?
Vaginal discharge (yellow-green, itchy, dyspareunia)
126
What do we give to treat trichomonas vaginalis?
Metronidazole
127
Give the investigation for trypanosoma
Blood film - trypomastigotes
128
What does trypanosoma cause?
- ) Brucei - African sleeping sickness
| - ) Cruzi - Chaga's disease
129
Nice one - you got through microbiology!
:)
