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MTAP 1 MIDTERMS > Microbiology book > Flashcards

Microbiology book Flashcards

1
Q

Media for gram-negative rods

A

MAC

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2
Q

Result of lactose fermenters on MAC

A

pink, dark pink, or red colonies

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3
Q

Result of non-lactose fermenters on MAC

A

clear and colorless

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4
Q

SBA and CHOC gram-negative rods produce large colonies that appear

A

gray and sometimes mucoid

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5
Q

dry, pink colonies with a surrounding “halo” of pink, precipitated bile salts

A

Escherichia/Citrobacter-like

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6
Q

large, mucoid pink colonies that occasionally have cream-colored centers

A

Klebsiella/Enterobacter

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7
Q

partial lysing of RBCs in an SBA plate around

green discoloration of the medium

A

a-hemolysis

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8
Q

complete clearing of erythrocytes in SBA

A

b-hemolysis

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9
Q

produce a wide, deep, clear zone of β-hemolysis

A

group A β-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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10
Q

a narrow, diffuse zone of β-hemolysis close to the colony

A

group B β-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae and Listeria monocytogenes)

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11
Q

shows medusa head (filamentous appearance)

A

Bacillus anthracis

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12
Q

Dry appearance of colonies

A

Diphtheroids

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13
Q

moist, creamy white to yellowish colonies

A

Staphylococci

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14
Q

produce colonies that are brittle, crumbly, and wrinkled, resembling bread crumbs on a plate.

A

Nocardia spp.

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15
Q

Pigment: green, sometimes a metallic sheen

A

P.aeruginosa

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16
Q

Pigment: brick red especially at room temperature

A

Serratia rubidaea

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17
Q

Kluyvera spp pigment

A

blue

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18
Q

Chromobacterium violaceum pigmentation

A

purple

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19
Q

Pigment is brown-black (anaerobic)

Pigment production for these organisms is variable

A

Prevotella melaninogenica

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20
Q

Odor: old sock (stocking that has been worn continuously for a few days without washing); this odor is evident when bacteria are growing on mannitol salt agar

A

S. aureus

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21
Q

Odor: fruity or grapelike

A

P. aeruginosa

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22
Q

Odor: putrid

A

P. mirabilis

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23
Q

Odor: musty basement, “mousy” or “mouse nest” smell

A

Haemophilus spp

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24
Q

Odor: freshly plowed field

A

Nocardia

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25
Q

phenotypic testing for identifying different strains of bacteria

uses antibodies to detect specific antigens located on the bacterial surface

A

serotyping

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26
Q

genotype testing; more accurate than examining the phenotype

A

Molecular bioiogy

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27
Q

utilize carbohydrates by oxidation (aerobically), fermentatively (anaerobically), or both

A

Oxidation-Fermentation Test

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28
Q

useful in the presumptive identification of gram-negative enteric bacteria (intestinal pathogens)

A

TSI and KIA

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29
Q

TSI difference from KIA

A

TSI contains sucrose

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30
Q

Carbohydrate present in KIA

A

glucose and lactose

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31
Q

KIA: lactose is present in a concentration

A

10:1 (glucose)

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32
Q

TSI: sucrose is also present in a ___ concentration

A

1%

1% lactose and 0.1% glucose, 1% sucrose

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33
Q

Detect production of H2S in TSI and KIA

A

Ferrous sulfate and sodium thiosulfate

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34
Q

pH indicator for KIA and TSI

A

Phenol red

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35
Q

Reactions on TSI Agar or KIA:

No fermentation

Red/Red

A

alkaline slant/alkaline butt (K/K)

alkaline slant/no change (K/NC).

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36
Q

Reactions on TSI Agar or KIA:

Glucose fermentation only, no lactose (or sucrose in TSI) fermentation

Red/Yellow

A

alkaline slant/acid butt (K/A)

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37
Q

Reactions on TSI Agar or KIA:

Lactose (or sucrose or both) fermentation
Yellow/Yellow

A

acid/acid (A/A)

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38
Q

Reactions on TSI Agar or KIA:

alkaline slant/acid butt, H2S in butt

A

K/A, H2S

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39
Q

Reactions on TSI Agar or KIA:

acid slant/acid butt, H2S in butt

A

A/A H2S

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40
Q

determine presence of B-galactosidase; lacks presence of B-galactoside

A

Ortho-Nitrophenyl-β-D Galactopyranoside Test

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41
Q

ONPG is structurally similar to

A

lactose

42
Q

β-Galactosidase hydrolyzes ONPG to

A

galactose and o-nitrophenol

43
Q

Positive result of ONPG

A

yellow

44
Q

Methyl Red Test positive reaction

A

red color

45
Q

Voges-Proskauer Test positive result

A

red

46
Q

added first as a catalyst or color intensifier for VP

A

a-napthol

47
Q

determine whether the bacterial species possess enzymes capable of decarboxylating (removing the carboxyl group, COOH) specific amino acids in the test medium.

A

Decarboxylase test

48
Q

two amino acids commonly used to test for decarboxylase activity

A

Lysine and Ornithine

49
Q

Medium for decarboxylase test

A

Moeller decarboxylase base medium

50
Q

pH indicator for decarboxylase

A

bromocresol purple and cresol red

51
Q

Decarboxylase positive:

A

yellow

52
Q

decarboxylase negative:

A

purple

53
Q

Amino acid: Lysine
End product:

A

Cadaverene

54
Q

Amino acid: Ornithine
End product

A

Putrescine

55
Q

Amino acid: Arginine
End product:

A

Putrescine and urea

56
Q

possesses the enzyme that deaminates phenylalanine to phenylpyruvic acid

A

phenylalanine deaminase (PAD) test

57
Q

Deaminase test is used for the initial differentiation of

A

PPM: Proteus, Providencia, Morganella

58
Q

Positive result for deaminase test

A

Green

59
Q

Frequently used medium for citrate utilization

A

Simmons’ citrate medium

60
Q

Positive result for Simmons’ citrate medium

A

Green to blue

61
Q

pH indicator of Simmons’ citrate medium

A

Bromothymol blue

62
Q

Alternative for citrate utilization test

A

Christensen’s citrate

63
Q

Christensen’s citrate positive result

A

Yellow to pink

64
Q

DNase test positive:

A

clear zone around the bacteria

65
Q

Added to DNase test for detection of bacteria

A

1N HCl

66
Q

Alternative for HCl in DNase

A

Methyl green

67
Q

degradation product of tryptophan

A

Indole

68
Q

Positive result for indole test:

A

Red color after addition of PDAB

69
Q

Ehrlich reagent contains ___ for indole

A

p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde

70
Q

alternative that does not use xylene for indole

A

Kovac’s reagent

71
Q

____ method is more sensitive than Kovac’s for indole

A

Ehrlich method

72
Q

Positive result for indole nitrate

A

blue green color within 2 minutes

73
Q

Rapid indole test: smear onto filter paper with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde

positive result:

A

blue green color within 2 minutes

74
Q

determine whether bacteria decarboxylate or deaminate lysine; H2S is also detected

A

LIA; Lysine Iron Agar Slant

75
Q

LIA contains:

A

amino acid lysine
Glucose
ferric ammonium citrate
sodium thiosulfate

76
Q

LIA ph indicator

A

bromocresol purple

77
Q

LIA is used to detect (organisms)

A

PPM - Proteus, Providencia, Morganella

78
Q

determines if organism can use sodium malonate as its sole carbon source

A

Malonate utilization

79
Q

Malonate Utilization positive result:

A

Green to Blue

80
Q

Motility positive result:

A

movement away from the stab line or a hazy appearance

81
Q

useful in differentiating Klebsiella spp. from Enterobacter and Serratia spp

A

Motility Indole Ornithine Agar

82
Q

Positive result of Motility Indole Ornithine Agar:

A

Clouding of the medium or spreading growth from the line of inoculation

83
Q

Nitrate and Nitrite Reduction positive result:

A

Diazo red dye

84
Q

Determines the presence of the cytochrome oxidase

A

Oxidase

85
Q

Positive result for oxidase test:

A

lavender color

86
Q

Kovac’s oxidase test uses

A

0.5% or 1% aqueous solution of tetramethyl-ρ-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride.

87
Q

Sulfide Indole Motility Agar is used for differentiating gram-negative bacteria in the family:

A

Enterobacteriaceae

88
Q

Sulfide Indole Motility Agar positive result:

A

Cloudiness from inoculation

H2S black precipitate

Indole: pink to red after addition of Kovac’s reagent

89
Q

determines whether a microorganism can hydrolyze urea

A

Urease

90
Q

Preferred agar for urease

A

Christensen’s urea agar

91
Q

Indicator for Christensen’s urea

A

Phenol red

92
Q

Small fuzzy-edged colony with an umbonate center on SBA or CHOC agar

A

Eikenella corrodens

93
Q

Bacterial enzyme for spot indole

A

typtophanase

94
Q

Bacterial enzyme for ONPG

A

B-galactosidase

95
Q

Bacterial enzyme for oxidase

A

cytochrome oxidase

96
Q

Presumptive test for S. pneumoniae in sputum, blood, and CSF cultures

A

Bile solubility

97
Q

Identification of group A streptococci; differentiates enterococcus from group D streptococci

A

PYR

98
Q

Screening test for cryptococcus, proteus, and klebsiella spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica

A

Rapid urease

99
Q

Presumptive identification of E. coli and Streptococcus anginosus group; enterohemorhagic E. coli is negative

A

MUG

100
Q

Presumptive identification of catalase negative, gram postive cocci

A

LAP

MTAP 1 MIDTERMS (6 decks)

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