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MTAP 1 MIDTERMS > AUBF Book > Flashcards

AUBF Book Flashcards

1
Q

serum like fluids formed as plasma ultrafiltrate which provides lubrication in the cavities they are found

A

serous fluid

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2
Q

membrane that lines the cavity

A

parietal membrane

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3
Q

membrane that covers the organ

A

visceral membrane

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4
Q

alteration to the oncotic and hydrostatic pressure can cause fluid buildup between the two membranes called

A

effusion

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5
Q

Increased hydrostatic pressure

Decreased oncotic pressure

A

Transudate

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6
Q

Increased capillary permeability

Lymphatic obstruction

A

Exudate

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7
Q

Congestive heart failure

Salt and fluid retention

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure

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8
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

Hepatic cirrhosis

Malnutrition

Protein-losing enteropathy

A

Decreased oncotic pressure

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9
Q

Microbial infections

Membrane inflammations

Malignancies

A

Increased capillary permeability

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10
Q

Malignant tumors

Lymphomas

Infection and inflammation thoracic duct injury

A

lymphatic obstruction

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11
Q

result from systemic disorders that disrupt fluid regulation

A

Transudates

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12
Q

produced by conditions that directly affect the membranes of the specific cavity

A

Exudates

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13
Q

Preferred parameters for pleural and pericardial fluid

A

Fluid: serum protein ration

Fluid: serum LD ratio

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14
Q

Appearance: Clear

Fluid : Serum Protein Ratio: <0.5
Fluid : Serum LD Ratio: <0.6

WBC Count: < 1000 WBC c/uL

Spontaneous clotting: No

Pleural fluid cholesterol: <45 to 60 mg/dL

Pleural fluid : Serum Cholesterol Ratio <0.3

Pleural Fluid: Bilirubin Ratio: <0.6

Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient: >1.1

A

Transudate

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15
Q

Appearance: Cloudy/Turbid

Fluid : Serum Protein Ratio: >0.5
Fluid : Serum LD Ratio: >0.6

WBC Count: > 1000 WBC c/uL

Spontaneous clotting: Possible

Pleural fluid cholesterol: >45 to 60 mg/dL

Pleural fluid : Serum Cholesterol Ratio >0.3

Pleural Fluid: Bilirubin Ratio: >0.6

Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient: <1.1

A

Exudate

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16
Q

Collection tube for serous fluid:

cell counts, morphology, and differential count

A

EDTA

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17
Q

Collection tube for serous fluid:

chemistry

A

clotted specimens

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18
Q

Collection tube for serous fluid:

microbiology and cytology

A

sterile heparin
SPS

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19
Q

Collection tube for serous fluid:

pH analysis

A

anaerobically on ice

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20
Q

Turbid appearance of Pleural Fluid indicates:

A

presence of WBC (indicates infection like TB)

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21
Q

Bloody appearance of pleural fluid

A

Hemothorax/Hemmorhagic exudate

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22
Q

test to differentiate hemothorax and hemorrhagic exudate

A

Hematocrit

> 50% hemothorax
<50% hemorrhagic exudate

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23
Q

Presence is caused by traumatic injury in pleural fluid

A

Hemothorax

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24
Q

Caused by malignancies in pleural fluid

A

Hemorrhagic exudate

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25
Q

Pleural fluid appearance:

rupture of amebic liver abscess

A

brown

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26
Q

Pleural fluid appearance:

Black

A

aspergillosis

27
Q

Pleural fluid appearance:

viscous

A

Malignant mesothelioma (increased hyaluronic acid)

28
Q

Pleural fluid appearance:

Milky

A

Chylous
Pseudochylous

29
Q

Chylous and Pseudochylous appearance can be differentiated by

A

TAG determination

30
Q

Pleural fluid appearance:

milky and white

A

chylous

31
Q

Pleural fluid appearance:

milky and green

A

pseudochylous

32
Q

> 110 mg/dL TAG
no cholesterol crystals
Lymphocytes are predominant

A

Chylous pleural fluid

33
Q

<50 mg/dL
Cholesterol crystals are present
Mixed cells

A

Pseudochylous

34
Q

Cells in plural fluid:

Pneumonia, Pancreatitis, Pulmonary infarction

A

Neutrophils

35
Q

Cells in plural fluid:

Tuberculosis, viral infection, autoimmune disorders, malignancy

A

lymphocytes

36
Q

Cells in plural fluid:

normal, reactive forms, have no significance, decreased in cases of tuberculosis

A

mesothelial cells

37
Q

Substances in pleural fluid

A

Glucose, Lactate, TAG, ADA, Amylase, pH

38
Q

Substances in pleural fluid:

Normally parallel to plasma level

A

Glucose

39
Q

Substances in pleural fluid:

Decreased in rheumatoid inflammation, TB, malignancy, and infections

<60 mg/dl

A

GLUCOSE

40
Q

Substances in pleural fluid:

Increased in bacterial infections

A

Lactate

41
Q

Substances in pleural fluid:

Increased in chylous effusions

> 110 mg/dL

A

TAG

42
Q

Substances in pleural fluid:

Indicative of TB and also elevated in malignancy

A

ADA (amino deaminase)

43
Q

Substances in pleural fluid:

Increased in pancreatitis, esophageal rupture, and malignancy

A

Amylase

44
Q

pH level in pleural fluid:

Esophageal rupture allowing influx of gastric acid

A

6.0

45
Q

pH level in pleural fluid:

Indicates need for chest tube drainage

A

<7.2

46
Q

pH level in pleural fluid:

Malignancies

A

> 7.4

47
Q

Autoantibodies and Tumor markers:

Immunologic vs. Non-immunologic

A

ANA and RF

48
Q

Autoantibodies and Tumor markers:

Colorectal cancer

A

CEA

49
Q

Autoantibodies and Tumor markers:

Metastatic uterine carcinoma

A

CA 125

50
Q

Autoantibodies and Tumor markers:

Breast cancer

A

CA 15.3
CA 549

51
Q

Autoantibodies and Tumor markers:

Lung cancer
Breast cancer

A

CYFRA 21-1

52
Q

Variation in appearance of pericardial fluid:

infection and malignancy

A

blood-streaked

53
Q

Variation in appearance of pericardial fluid:

accidental cardiac puncture, anticoagulant medications

A

grossly bloody

54
Q

Variation in appearance of pericardial fluid:

chylous and pseudochylous

A

milky

55
Q

Cells in pericardial fluid:

bacterial endocarditis (s. viridans, s. epidermidis, HACEK)

A

neutrophils

56
Q

Cells in pericardial fluid:

metastatic carcinoma

A

malignant cells

57
Q

Sensitive test for the detection of intra-abdominal bleeding

A

Peritoneal lavage

58
Q

____ RBC count indicative of blunt trauma injuries

A

> 100,000 cells/uL

59
Q

contains concentric striations of collagen-like material seen in ovarian and thyroid malignancies

A

psammona bodies

60
Q

Substances in peritoneal fluid:

A

Glucose, ALP, Amylase, BUN, Creatinine

61
Q

Substances in peritoneal fluid:

Decreased in tubercular peritonitis and malignancies

A

Glucose

62
Q

Substances in peritoneal fluid:

Increased in intestinal perforations

A

ALP

63
Q

Substances in peritoneal fluid:

Increased in pancreatitis and intestinal perforations

A

Amylase

64
Q

Substances in peritoneal fluid:

requested in cases of ruptured bladder or accidental bladder puncture

A

BUN and Creatinine

MTAP 1 MIDTERMS (6 decks)

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