Microbiology and Parasitology Flashcards
1
Q
What is deficient in ataxia telangiectasia?
A
IgA
2
Q
What is the treatment of Di George syndrome?
A
Transplant of fetal thymus
3
Q
How do you differentiate Scalded Skin Syndrome (Ritter’s Disease) from TEN (Lyell Disease)?
A
Separation occurs at STRATUM GRANULOSUM in Ritters disease vs. separation at DERMO EPIDERMAL JUNCTION at Lyell Disease
4
Q
What 3 diseases present with a strawberry tongue?
A
Toxic shock syndrome, Kawasaki disease, Scarlet fever
5
Q
What is the DOC for VRSA?
A
Linezolid
6
Q
What is the 2nd most common cause of UTI in sexually active women?
A
Staph saprophyticus
7
Q
Most common bacterial cause of sore throat?
A
Strep pyogenes (group A beta hemolytic streptococci)
8
Q
What facilitates cellulitis caused by Strep pyogenes?
A
Hyaluronidase (spreading factor)
9
Q
Rash begins in the trunk then spreads to the extremities but spares the face
A
Scarlet fever
10
Q
What test is used to determine a patient’s susceptibility to scarlet fever?
A
Dick test
11
Q
Most common cause of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis
A
Strep agalactiae (GBS)
12
Q
Differentiate Strep pyogenes from Strep agalactiae
A
B - BRAS: gBs Resistant, gAs Sensitive
13
Q
Gram positive “lancet-shaped” cocci in pairs or short chains
A
Strep pneumoniae
14
Q
What bacteria is sensitive to optochin and exhibits a (+) Quellung reaction?
A
Strep pneumoniae
15
Q
Most common cause of subacute endocarditis?
A
viridans Streptococci (S. sanguis)
16
Q
Aerobic, gram (+) box car like rods, spore forming
A
Bacillus anthracis
17
Q
DOC for cutaneous anthrax
A
Ciprofloxacin
18
Q
The capsule of Bacillus anthracis is unique, what is it made of?
A
poly-D-glutamic acid
19
Q
What gram (+) bacteria causes ophthalmitis described as no light perception within 48hrs of traumatic eye injury?
A
Bacillus cereus
20
Q
What is the DOC for Bacillus cereus?
A
None. Symptomatic treatment only. (Tricky!!)
21
Q
What anaerobic gram (+) bacteria looks like a tennis racket?
A
Clostridium tetani. Due to the presence of a terminal spore
22
Q
What are the most common immunologic types of C. botulinum in humans?
A
Types A, B and E
23
Q
What makes up the triad of Botulism?
A
Symmetric descending paralysis, absence of fever, and intact sensorium
24
Q
Anaerobic, gram (+), non motile bacteria that grows on egg yolk agar
A
Clostridium perfringens
25
What toxin is involved in Gas Gangrene?
Alpha toxin - Clostridium perfringens
26
Gram (+) bacteria that exhibits double hemolysis on blood agar
Clostridium perfringens
27
What is the most common cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea?
Clindamycin
28
Non-motile, gram (+) club/comma shaped rods arranged in a V or L shape that looks like chinese characters
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
29
What test do you use to detect toxigenicity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
Modified Elek test
30
Metachromatic granules of Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Babes-ernst granules or Volutin granules
31
Where do you culture Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
Tellurite plate
32
Gram (-), kidney bean diplococci with an insignificant capsule
Neisseria gonorrhea
33
Gram (-) diplococci that ferments maltose and glucose
Neisseria meningitidis
34
Classic medium for culture of Neisseria meningitidis
Thayer - Martin VCN media
35
Most severe form of meningococcemia that results to adrenal insufficiency
Waterhouse - Friderichsen Syndrome
36
What do you call the rash in meningococcemia?
Purpura fulminans
37
DOC for Neisseria gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone + Doxycycline
38
Perihepatitis associated with gonorrhea
Fitz - Hugh - Curtis Syndrome
39
What is the most common cause of epiglottitis?
H. Influenzae
40
Most common cause of COPD exacerbations?
H. Influenzae
41
2nd most common cause of otitis media
Non - typable H. Influenzae
42
Most common cause of septic arthritis in infants
H. Influenzae
43
Where do you culture Bordetella pertussis?
Bordet - Gengou agar or Regan Lowe charcoal medium
44
What toxin causes whooping in B. Pertussis infection?
Tracheal cytotoxin
45
What organism causes Pontiac Fever? Described as a mild flu-like illness
Legionella pneumoniae
46
What E. coli toxin causes bloody diarrhea?
Verotoxin (shiga-like)
47
What causes traveler's diarrhea or Montezuma's Revenge?
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
48
What teat detects Salmonella antibodies in the patient's serum?
Widal Tests
49
What causes Salmonella setpticemia?
Salmonella choleraesuid
50
Where does the chronic carrier state of Salmonella typhi occur?
Gallbladder - treated with Ampicillin or cholecystectomy
51
Where is Shigella and Salmonella cultured?
XLD (xylosine lysine deoxycholate) medium
52
Gram (-), non-lactose fermenting rod, non-motile. Humans are its only host.
Shigella
53
Most common cause of bacillary dysentery
Group D: Shigella sonnei - Duval's bacillus
54
Most severe form of bacillus dysentery. Also the most common cause of epidemic dysentery.
Group A: Shigella dysenteriae type 1 - Shiga bacillus
55
Bacteria found in contaminated raw seafood and among shellfish handlers
V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus
56
True or False: Shigella has a low infectious dose making it highly virulent
True
57
What is the toxin released by cholera?
Choleragen
58
What is the culture medium of cholera?
TCBS (thiosulfate citrate bile salts) agar
59
Short term immunity with the cholera vaccine may cause?
Herd immunity
60
Comma shaped, gram (-) rod that grows well on Skirrow's agar
Campylobacter jejuni
61
True or false: V. Cholera is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis
False - most common is Campylobacter jejuni
62
What are the 2 disease associations of Campylobacter jejuni infection?
Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Reiter's Syndrome
63
Triad of Reiter's Syndrome
Urethritis, Uveitis, and Arthritis
64
H. Pylori is the most common cause of?
Duodenal ulcers
65
What organism is associated with "currant jelly sputum"?
Klebsiella pneumoniae - necrotizing pneumonia
66
What are struvite stones made of and what organism is this associated with?
Magnesium ammonium phosphate, Proteus mirabilis
67
What is the medium used to culture Pseudomonas aureginosa?
Cetrimide agar
68
Gram (-) rod, obligate aerobe, non-lactose fermenting which gives a green-blue stain on wound dressings
Pseudomonas aureginosa
69
Organism responsible for malignant otitis externa among diabetics
Pseudomonas aureginosa
70
Predominant anaerobe of the human colon
Bacteroides fragilis
71
Only 2nd gen cephalosporin with good anaerobic coverage. Used to treat Bacteroides fragilis infections.
Cefoxitin
72
What is the treatment for undulating fever?
Brucella abortus (Brucellosis) - doxycycline plus rifampicin
73
Gram (-) rod with bipolar (safety pin) staining
Yersenia pestis
74
Assay used to determine drug resistance for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Luciferase assay
75
Most important virulence factor in TB
Cord factor
76
Radiologically detectable calcification in TB
Ranke's complex
77
Differentiate primary complex TB from reactivation TB
Primary - middle or lower lobes. Reactivation - apices.
78
Culture medium of M. Leprae
Mouse footpads, armadillo
79
Most common presentation of TB in adults? In children?
Adults - cough. Children - weight loss.
80
DOC for acute flare-ups of Lepromatous Leprosy
Erythema nodosum leprosum - Thalidomide
81
Medium for the smallest free living organism
Eaton's culture - Mycoplasma pneumoniae
82
Most common infectious cause of Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (walking pneumoniae)
83
Gram (+), beaded, filamentous anaerobic organism that grows as normal flora in the mouth
Actinomyces israelii
84
Fite-Faraco stain can be used on what 2 organisms?
M. Leprae and Nocardia asteroides
85
Tiny gram (-) bacteria that look like corkscrews
Spirochetes
86
Specialized flagella of spirochetes that run sideways along the organism under the outer membrane sheath
Periplasmic flagella
87
Cause of death of congenital syphylis
Pulmonary hemorrhage
88
What is the Hutchinson Triad seen in congenital syphylis?
Hutchinson teeth, deafness, keratitis
89
Pupils that accommodate but do not react seen in Tertiary Syphylis
Argyll Robertson pupils or Prostitute's Pupil
90
What is the screening test for syphylis?
RPR-VDRL
91
Confirmatory test for Syphylis
FTA-ABS
92
Diagnostic lesion in secondary Syphylis
Condyloma lata
93
Influenza-like symptoms few hours after receiving penicillin
Jarisch - Herxheimer Reaction
94
Organism responsible for a firm, ulcerated painless lesion with a punched out base and rolled edges
Treponema pallidum, chancre of primary syphylis
95
What 2 bacteria exhibit a CSF analysis with lymphocytic predominance?
Treponema pallidum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
96
DOC for Treponema pallidum infection
Syphilis - Benzathine penicillin G
97
Largest medically important bacteria
Borrelia burgdorferi
98
Lyme disease is caused by a bite from?
Deer tick (Ixodes scapularis)
99
DOC for Borrelia burgdorferi infection
Lyme Disease - Doxycycline
100
Pathognomonic lesion for Borrelia burgdorferi infection
Lyme disease - erythema chronicum migrans
101
DOC for Relapsing Fever
Borrelia recurrentis - Doxycyline or erythromycin
102
Transmission of relapsing fever is through?
Human body louse - Pediculus humanus
103
Obligate aerobe with a Shepherd's crook appearance. In what medium does it grow?
Leptospira interrogans - EMJH or Fletcher's Medium
104
Gold standard in diagnosing Leptospirosis
Leptospire Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT)
105
Pathogenesis of meningitis and glomerulonephritis in Leptospirosis
Immune complex mediated
106
CXR finding in Leptospirosis pulmonary involvement
Snow flake lesion
107
Weil's Triad
Leptospirosis - jaundice, bleeding, uremia
108
Most common COD in Leptospirosis
Massive pulmonary hemorrhage
109
Most common STD overall. Obligate intracellular bacteria, uses host ATP
Chlamydia trachomatis
110
Most common cause of infectious blindness
Trachoma - Chlamydia trachomatis
111
Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies near the nuclei of conjunctival epithelial cells in trachoma
Halberstadter - Prowazek inclusions
112
Characteristic cough in neonatal pneumonia caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
Staccato cough
113
Organism that causes Bird Fancier's Disease
Chlamydia psittaci
114
Test to confirm the diagnosis of Rickettsiae
Weil - Felix Reaction
115
Gram (-) rod responsible for Cat Scratch Disease
Bartonella henselae
116
What is the presentation of Cat Scratch Disease in immunocompetent patients? Immunocomprised?
Immunocompetent - cat scratch fever, Immunocompromised - bacillary angiomatosis
117
Tick that transmits Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichia chaffeensis - Dermacentor (dog tick)
118
Gram (-) rod presenting as a painful genital ulcer
Haemophilus ducreyi - Chancroid
119
Gram (-) rod that causes Mesenteric Adenitis
Yersenia enterocolitica
120
Encapsulated, pleomorphic gram (-) bacillus with bipolar densities
Klebsiella granulomatis (Donovanosis) - Donovan bodies that look like closed safety pins
121
Clinical presentation of Granuloma inguinale
K. Granulomatis - beefy red ulcer, pseudobuboe formation
122
Essential sterol in fungi
Ergosterol
123
Toxin of Aspergillus flavia that causes Liver Ca
Aflatoxin, found in peanuts and grains
124
Most common agar used to diagnose fungal infections
Sabourad's agar
125
Organism responsible for Tinea Versicolor or An-An. What is its appearance on KOH?
Malassezia furfur - spaghetti and meatballs appearance
126
Treatment for Rose Gardener's Disease
Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii) - Itraconazole or Potassium iodide
127
Infection with Coccidioides immitis. What is the characteristic lesion?
Valley Fever - erythema nodosum or Desert Bumps
128
Infective form of Histoplasma capsulatum. Common in bird and bat droppings
Inhaled Micronidia
129
Fungal infection that mimics TB
Histoplasmosis - Histoplasma capsulatum
130
DOC for all systemic mycoses
Itraconazole or Amphotericin B
131
Round yeast with broad based bud. Most common cause of fungal pneumonia
Blastomycosis - Blastomycosis dermatitidis
132
Yeast with multiple buds in wheel configuration. Found in Central and South America
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
133
Organism that causes pseudomembranous esophagitis in immunocompromised hosts
Candida albicans
134
Abundant in pigeon droppings, most common cause of meningoencephalitis in AIDS patients
Cryptococcus neoformans - oval yeast with a narrow base bud
135
Exist only as molds. Hyphae form V shaped branches in acute angles (<90)
Aspergillus fumigatus
136
Fungus that commonly infects patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, burn patients, leukemia
Mucormycosis - Rhizopus oryzae and Mucor spp. Rhino-orbital-cerebral infection.
137
DOC for PCPo
Trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole
138
Diagnostic methods for PCP
Broncheoalveolar washings (toluidine blue and methenamine silver stain) - hat shaped cells. CXR - ground glass infiltrates (ARDS).
139
Causes spongiform encephalopathies and pathogenic as beta pleated sheets
Prions
140
True of False: Among viruses, purified nucleic acids of most dsDNA and (+) strand genome ssRNA viruses are infectious
True
141
Enzyme required by (-) strand RNA virus to undergo translation in the host cell
RNA - dependent RNA polymerase
142
Only live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV (+) patients
MMR
143
Smallest icosahedral virus with a single strand of DNA
Parvovirus
144
Erythema infectiosium
Parvovirus B19 - Fifth disease
145
Hydrops fetalis is common among infants with what viral infection and during what trimester
Parvovirus B19 - 2nd trim
146
Only virus with fiber. Causes URTI symptoms and hemorrhagic cystitis
Adenovirus - Cowdry type B intranuclear inclusions on histopathology
147
Condition caused by JC Polyoma virus among immunocompromised patients
Progressive Multifocal Encephalopathy - affects oligodendrocytes
148
Inactivate tumor suppressor genes in HPV infection
Genes E6 and E7
149
DOC for herpes simplex virus
Acyclovir
150
Site of latency of HSV 1? HSV 2?
HSV 1 - trigeminal ganglia. HSV 2 - lumbosacral ganglia.
151
Histopathology finding in HSV
Cowdry Type A - large, pink to purple intranuclear inclusion cyts
152
Smear used to diagnose HSV
Tzanck smear - multinucleated giant cells
153
VZV affecting geniculate ganglion causing facial nerve paralysis
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
154
Virus that is cultured in shell tubes with a (-) heterophil test
Cytomegalovirus
155
Histopathology of the virus reveals giant cells with owl's eye nuclear inclusions
Cytomegalovirus
156
Virus that infects B lymphocytes
Epstein - Barr Virus
157
Rare complication of Infectious Mononucleosis
Splenic rupture - EBV (kissing disease)
158
Cancers associated with EBV
Burkitt's lymphoma, Nasopharyngeal Ca
159
Malignancy of vascular endothelial cells. Lesions are dark purple, flat to nodular, and appear at multiple sites.
Human herpesvirus 8 - Kaposi's sarcoma
160
Histopathology of Smallpox
Variola virus - Guarnieri bodies
161
DOC for CMV infections
Ganciclovir
162
Virus that produces papular skin lesions with an umbilicated center and Henderson - Peterson bodies on histopathology
Molluscum contagiosum
163
Only DNA virus that produces DNA by reverse transcription with mRNA as the template
Hepa B
164
Autoimmune vasculitides associated with Hepa B infection
Polyarteritis nodosa
165
Hepatitis virus associated with Hepatocellular Ca
Hepatitis B
166
Virus that replicates in motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord causing paralysis
Poliovirus
167
Histopathologic findings in Poliomyelitis
Cowdry type B intranuclear inclusions
168
Most common cause of viral myocarditis and pericarditis
Coxsackie B
169
Organisms responsible for the common cold
Rhinovirus, Coronaviridae
170
Most common cause of non bacterial diarrhea in adults
Norwalk Virus
171
Most common cause of childhood diarrhea
Rotavirus
172
Virulent spikes in Influenza virus
Hemagglutinin, Neuraminidase
173
Type of Influenza that does not cause outbreaks
Influenza C
174
The only human Influenza virus, there is no animal source
Influenza B
175
DOC for Influenza B and C
Oseltamivir or Zanamivir
176
DOC for Influenza A
Amantadine or Rimantidine
177
Pathognomonic histopathologic finding in Measles (Rubeola)
Multinucleated giant cells - Warthin Finkeldey Bodies
178
True or False: A patient with Rubeola presenting with rash is still infective
False
179
DOC for a virus with fusion proteins as surface spikes and is the most important cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants
RSV - Ribavirin
180
CXR finding in Croup
Parainfluenza 1 and 2 - Steeple sign
181
Bullet shaped enveloped virus
Rabies virus
182
Histopathologic finding in Rabies Virus
Intracytoplasmic Negri Bodies
183
Vector of Breakbone Fever
Dengue virus - Aedes aegypti
184
Most prevalent blood borne pathogen
Hepatitis C virus
185
Most common indication for liver transplantation
Cirrhosis secondary to Hepa C infection
186
Group specific antigen that serves as an important serologic marker of infection
p24
187
Reason behind the numerous antigenic variants of HIV
gp120
188
HIV regulatory gene that decreases CD4 and class I MHC proteins
nef
189
Main immune response against HIV
Cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes
190
Definitive diagnostic test for HIV
Western blot
191
Laboratory exam in HIV patients that is used for prognostication
PCR - can determine viral load
192
Define HAART
2 nucleoside inhibitors (zidovudine and lamivudine) and 1 protease inhibitor (indinavir)
193
Histopathology finding of malignant T cells with flower shaped nucleus
Human T Cell Lymphocytic Virus
194
Thread-like viruses with 100% mortality rate due to profound capillary leak and hemorrhage
Ebola Virus
195
Flavivirus with a bird-mosquito-man cycle. May progress to neuroinvasive disease
West Nile Virus
196
Most common cause of epidemic encephalitis, transmitted by Culex mosquitoes
Japanese B Virus
197
CT scan findings on Japanese B Encephalitis
Thalamic infarcts
198
Free living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host
Spurious parasite
199
True or False: The definitive host harbors the larval/asexual stage
False - the definitive host is where the parasite attains sexual maturity, the intermediate host is where the you can find the larval/asexual stage of the parasite
200
Protozoa that exhibits Brownian movement
Entamoeba histolytica
201
Characteristic lesion in Amebic colitis
Flask shaped colon ulcers
202
DOC for E. histolytica cyst carrier state? Amebic colitis?
Cyst - Filoxanide furoate, Colitis - Metronidazole
203
Protozoa with a falling leaf motility, adheres to the SI and causes malabsorption
Giardia lamblia - diarrhea and flatus that smells like rotten eggs
204
Acid fast protozoa that causes diarrhea in immunocompromised patients, with thick walled oocysts. . Treatment?
Cryptosporidium parvum, treat with Nitazoxanide
205
Sexually transmitted protozoa that exists only as a pear shaped, flagellated trophozoite
Trichomonas vaginalis
206
Most important parasitic disease in man
V. Plasmodium
207
True or false: Individuals with RBC defects are immune to malaria
True
208
Which malarial vector has the worst clinical scenario
P. falciparum
209
What malarial species causes Recrudescence?
P. falciparum and malariae - recurrence of symptoms after 2 to 4 weeks
210
Diagnostic exam for Malaria
Thin and thick smears with Giemsa stain
211
What malarial dots are seen in the different species?
Schuffner - ovale and vivax, Maurer - falciparum, Ziemann - malariae
212
Organism that causes hemolytic anemia, Durck granulas, blackwater fever, and septic shock (algid)
Malaria - cerebral
213
Vector of Trypanosa cruzi
Reduviid bug
214
Infective stage of Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypomastigotes
215
Diagnosis and treatment for Chagas Disease
Trypanosoma cruzi - Xenodiagnosis, treat with Nifurtimox
216
Organism responsible for African Sleeping Sickness
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and rhodesiense
217
Posterior cervical lymph node enlargement seen in African Sleeping Sickness
Winterbottom Sign
218
Plasma cells with cytoplasmic immunoglobulin globules seen in encephalitis caused by African Sleeping Sickness
Mott Cells
219
Most common cause of red tide in the Phil
Pyrodinium bahamense var compressum
220
Transmission of red tide
Dinoflagellates in bivalve mollusks
221
Only ciliated protozoan to cause human disease
Balantidium coli
222
Classic maltese cross on blood smear. Vector?
Babesia microti. Ixodes rick, can have a co-infection with Lyme disease
223
Vector of Leishmaniasis
Sandfly (Phlebotomus)
224
DOC for Leishmaniasis infections
Antimony compounds - Stinogluconate
225
Treatment for all cestodes
Praziquantel - except E. granulosus (Albendazole)
226
Which tapeworm can cause neurocysticercosis and worms in vitreous humor?
Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)
227
Cestode infection that causes megaloblastic anemia due to Vit B12 deficiency
Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm)
228
Organism that causes Hydatid cysts in the liver which may lead to an anaphylactic reaction if ruptured
Echinococcus granulosus
229
Treatment for hydatid cysts
Albendazole, PAIR procedure
230
Most common tapeworm in developed countries. Contain polar filaments and six hooked larva
Hymenolepsis nana
231
DOC for all trematodes
Praziquantel
232
Intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum
Snail - Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi
233
Diagnosis of Schistosoma
Circumoval precipitin test - demonstrates ovoid egg with small hook
234
Illness caused by Schistosoma that presents with fever, hives, headache, weight loss, cough
Katayama Fever
235
Trematode with melon-like ridges on Potassium permanganate stain (KMnO4)
Clonirchis sinensis
236
Ca associated with Clonorchis sinensis chronic disease
Cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin's Tumor)
237
Sheep liver fluke presenting with objstructive jaundice and painful pharyngitis
Fasciola hepatica - Halzoun (from eating watercress)
238
Intestinal fluke that mimics peptic ulcer disease
Heterophyes heterophyes
239
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis seen in ascaris infection
Loeffler's syndrome
240
Nematodes that causes microcytic hypochromic anemia and cutaneous larva migrans
Necator and Ancylostoma
241
Kato katz reveals barrel shaped eggs with bipolar plugs
Trichuris trichiura
242
Whipworm infection results to this disease from increased peristalsis to expel the worms
Trichuris trichiura - rectal prolapse
243
Pinworm that causes pruritus ani. What is the appearance of the eggs on Graham's scotch tape technique?
Enterobius vermicularis - D shaped eggs
244
DOC for pinworm
Enterobius vermicularis - Pyrantel pamoate
245
Medium for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis
Harada - Mori Culture
246
DOC for Strongyloides stercoralis infection
Ivermectin
247
Only nematode whose life cycle involves a migratory bird
Capillaria philippinensis
248
Diagnostic findings of Capillaria philippinensis in Kato katz
Peanut shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs
249
Clinical presentation of Wuchereria and Brugia
Wuchereria - hydrocoele, Brugia - elephantiasis
250
Most debilitating nematode infection, common among abaca farmers
Wuchereria and Brugia
251
Infective stage of hydrocoele and elephantiasis
Wuchereria and Brugia - 3rd stage larvae
252
Small epithelioid granulomas in Wuchereria and and Brugia
Meyers - Kouvenaar Bodies
253
Nematode that invades striated skeletal muscle and is encysted within a host derived cell
Trichinella spiralis - Nurse cell
254
DOC for Trichinella spiralis
Thiabendazole
255
Vector of Onchocerca volvulus
Female blackfly (Simulium) - river blindness
256
DOC of Onchocerca volvulus and SE of lysis of worms
Ivermectin - Mazzotti Reaction
257
Transmitted by deer or mango fly (Chrysops)
Loa Loa - worm crawling across conjuctiva and Calabar swellings (subcutaneous edema)
258
Guinea fir worm, live worm in skin ulcer
Dracunculus medinensis - ingestion of copepods in water
259
Visceral larva migrans, dog ascaris
Toxocara canis
260
Most common cause of parasitic eosinophilic meningitis
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
261
Etiology of eosinophilic gastroenteritis
Anisakis simplex
