Microbiology Flashcards
Which infection is greatest risk of catching from oral-anal sex (anilingus)?
Hepatitis A
Red flags for recent sepsis (would require immediate Rx)
Recent chemotherapy Acute confusional state Reduced GCS systolic BP <90 HR > 130 RR >25
Lemierre’s syndrome (infectious thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein) causative organism
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Risk factor for invasive aspergillosis
Immunosuppression (e.g. taking anti-TNF alpha)
commonest cause of viral encephalitis in adults
HSV
fever and sudden change in behaviour (diagnosis)
encephalitis
Flu-like symptoms (then pneumonia), bilateral consolidation and erythema multiforme. Diagnosis
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Vaginal pH >4.5 (two conditions)
BV AND trichomonas
chronic sloughy ulcer with a duration of months without any systemic symptoms with blue-green pigment called pyocyanin as well as the classical offensive smell. Causative organism?
Pseudomonas
Traveller’s diarrhoea, >7d incubation (2 organisms)
Giardiasis, Amoebiasis
Pneumonia with erythema multiforme and cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Mycoplasma
commonest causes (2) of bacterial meningitis (NOT elderly or children)
Neisseria meningitidis, strep. pneumoniaw
Sepsis Six
1) Give O2 (aim for sats >94% unless COPD)
2) Take blood cultures
3) Give IV Antibiotics
4) Give IV fluid challenge (500ml normal saline bolus)
5) Take blood lactate
6) Take urine output hourly
Newly diagnosed chronic Hep C, which vaccine now qualifies for
One-off pneumococcal vaccine
Erythema chronicum migrans is an early feature of…
Lyme disease
Treatment for animal bite
co-amoxiclav
How many doses of tetanus vaccine generally confers life-long protection?
5
Genital ulcer, ulcer with an erythematous border and a clean base
Syphillis
multiple painful blisters and ulcers around her labia. flu for the past five days. extremely painful when she urinates.
Herpes simplex
The classic triad of oral ulcers, genital ulcers and uveitis. Venous thromboembolism is also seen.
Behcet’s disease
Treatment of choice for Hep C
Combination of protease inhibitors with/without ribavarin
Treatment for toxoplasmosis
A 6 month treatment regimen of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine
commonest cause of traveller’s diarrhoea
E. coli
When to perform microbiology on stool in child with diarrhoea
1) You suspect septicaemia
2) there is blood and/or mucus in the stool or
3) the child is immunocompromised
Widespread maculopapular rash, headache, fever, low platelet count and raised transaminase
Dengue
2 causes of diarrhoea with short incubation periods (1-6hrs)
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus
A 6-month-old who is ‘chesty’, has rhinitis and is off her feeds. Auscultation of her chest reveals bibasal crackles and an expiratory wheeze. Most likely cause
RSV
Post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV
oral antiretroviral therapy for 4 weeks
Classic triad of sore throat, lymphadenopathy, pyrexia. Diagnosis and possible complication
Infectious mononucleosis/glandular fever (EBV)
Complication: Splenic rupture
Which vaccines routinely given to pregnant women in the UK
influenza and pertussis
Rx for infective exacerbation of COPD
Amoxicillin or tetracycline or clarithromycin
complications of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Erythema multiforme
Bullous myringitis
Meningoencephalitis
Haemolytic anaemia
Primary herpes infection in late pregnancy: Rx
Rx: Acyclovir tds until delivery (oral)
short history of bloody diarrhoea, haemolytic anaemia and raised urea
HUS (haemolysis, high urea, thrombocytopenia)
Usually caused by E. coli
Which HPV species cause recurrent genital warts
6 and 11
Renal transplant + infection ? likely causing organism
CMV
Rx for hospital acquired pneumonia
piperacillin with tazobactam
Cellulitis Rx if allergic to penicilin
Clarythromycin
Most appropriate test for Lyme’s disease
Blood serology
EBV: associated malignancies:
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Most common organism found in central line infections -
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Side effects of Rifampicin, isoniazid Ethambutol
Rifampicin is a potent liver enzyme inducer
Peripheral neuropathy is a side-effect of isoniazid
Ethambutol can affect vision
at what age should the child first be offered the influenza vaccine?
2-3 years
MRSA screening, most appropriate measure
swab nose
MRSA treatment (first AND second line)
First line: Vancomycin Second line (if allergic): Linezolid
ulcerating lesion on his lower lip. Examination of his nasal and oral mucosae reveals widespread involvement. What is the likely diagnosis?
Leishmaniasis (braziliensis)
Chlamydia Rx
Azithromycin or doxycyclin
Which antibiotic is unsafe to drink alcohol with
Metronidazole
Investigations for using terbinafine
All patients need LFTs checking before commencing terbinafine and 4-6 weeks into treatment. Treatment should be ceased (or not commenced) if there is derangement.
Genital wart treatment
for multiple, non-keratinised warts:
Topical podophyllum
Atypical lymphocytes suggests?
Glandular fever
mechanism of action of clotrimazole
Alters cell wall production
Malaise, flushing, low BP, tachycardia. all for few hours after IM Benzylpenicillin
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction is sometimes seen following treatment. Fever, rash, tachycardia after first dose of antibiotic. It is thought to be due to the release of endotoxins following bacterial death and typically occurs within a few hours of treatment.
Antibiotic for human bite
Co-amoxiclav
Antibiotic for campylobacter
Clarythromycin
The incubation period of Ebola virus is
2-21 days
