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Pathology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which infection is greatest risk of catching from oral-anal sex (anilingus)?

A

Hepatitis A

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2
Q

Red flags for recent sepsis (would require immediate Rx)

A 
Recent chemotherapy
Acute confusional state
Reduced GCS
systolic BP <90
HR > 130
RR >25
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3
Q

Lemierre’s syndrome (infectious thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein) causative organism

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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4
Q

Risk factor for invasive aspergillosis

A

Immunosuppression (e.g. taking anti-TNF alpha)

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5
Q

commonest cause of viral encephalitis in adults

A

HSV

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6
Q

fever and sudden change in behaviour (diagnosis)

A

encephalitis

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7
Q

Flu-like symptoms (then pneumonia), bilateral consolidation and erythema multiforme. Diagnosis

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

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8
Q

Vaginal pH >4.5 (two conditions)

A

BV AND trichomonas

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9
Q

chronic sloughy ulcer with a duration of months without any systemic symptoms with blue-green pigment called pyocyanin as well as the classical offensive smell. Causative organism?

A

Pseudomonas

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10
Q

Traveller’s diarrhoea, >7d incubation (2 organisms)

A

Giardiasis, Amoebiasis

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11
Q

Pneumonia with erythema multiforme and cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

Mycoplasma

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12
Q

commonest causes (2) of bacterial meningitis (NOT elderly or children)

A

Neisseria meningitidis, strep. pneumoniaw

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13
Q

Sepsis Six

A

1) Give O2 (aim for sats >94% unless COPD)
2) Take blood cultures
3) Give IV Antibiotics
4) Give IV fluid challenge (500ml normal saline bolus)
5) Take blood lactate
6) Take urine output hourly

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14
Q

Newly diagnosed chronic Hep C, which vaccine now qualifies for

A

One-off pneumococcal vaccine

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15
Q

Erythema chronicum migrans is an early feature of…

A

Lyme disease

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16
Q

Treatment for animal bite

A

co-amoxiclav

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17
Q

How many doses of tetanus vaccine generally confers life-long protection?

A

5

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18
Q

Genital ulcer, ulcer with an erythematous border and a clean base

A

Syphillis

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19
Q

multiple painful blisters and ulcers around her labia. flu for the past five days. extremely painful when she urinates.

A

Herpes simplex

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20
Q

The classic triad of oral ulcers, genital ulcers and uveitis. Venous thromboembolism is also seen.

A

Behcet’s disease

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21
Q

Treatment of choice for Hep C

A

Combination of protease inhibitors with/without ribavarin

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22
Q

Treatment for toxoplasmosis

A

A 6 month treatment regimen of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine

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23
Q

commonest cause of traveller’s diarrhoea

A

E. coli

24
Q

When to perform microbiology on stool in child with diarrhoea

A

1) You suspect septicaemia
2) there is blood and/or mucus in the stool or
3) the child is immunocompromised

25
Q

Widespread maculopapular rash, headache, fever, low platelet count and raised transaminase

A

Dengue

26
Q

2 causes of diarrhoea with short incubation periods (1-6hrs)

A

Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus

27
Q

A 6-month-old who is ‘chesty’, has rhinitis and is off her feeds. Auscultation of her chest reveals bibasal crackles and an expiratory wheeze. Most likely cause

A

RSV

28
Q

Post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV

A

oral antiretroviral therapy for 4 weeks

29
Q

Classic triad of sore throat, lymphadenopathy, pyrexia. Diagnosis and possible complication

A

Infectious mononucleosis/glandular fever (EBV)

Complication: Splenic rupture

30
Q

Which vaccines routinely given to pregnant women in the UK

A

influenza and pertussis

31
Q

Rx for infective exacerbation of COPD

A

Amoxicillin or tetracycline or clarithromycin

32
Q

complications of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

A

Erythema multiforme

Bullous myringitis

Meningoencephalitis

Haemolytic anaemia

33
Q

Primary herpes infection in late pregnancy: Rx

A

Rx: Acyclovir tds until delivery (oral)

34
Q

short history of bloody diarrhoea, haemolytic anaemia and raised urea

A

HUS (haemolysis, high urea, thrombocytopenia)

Usually caused by E. coli

35
Q

Which HPV species cause recurrent genital warts

A

6 and 11

36
Q

Renal transplant + infection ? likely causing organism

A

CMV

37
Q

Rx for hospital acquired pneumonia

A

piperacillin with tazobactam

38
Q

Cellulitis Rx if allergic to penicilin

A

Clarythromycin

39
Q

Most appropriate test for Lyme’s disease

A

Blood serology

40
Q

EBV: associated malignancies:

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma

41
Q

Most common organism found in central line infections -

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

42
Q

Side effects of Rifampicin, isoniazid Ethambutol

A

Rifampicin is a potent liver enzyme inducer
Peripheral neuropathy is a side-effect of isoniazid
Ethambutol can affect vision

43
Q

at what age should the child first be offered the influenza vaccine?

A

2-3 years

44
Q

MRSA screening, most appropriate measure

A

swab nose

45
Q

MRSA treatment (first AND second line)

A 
First line: Vancomycin
Second line (if allergic): Linezolid
46
Q

ulcerating lesion on his lower lip. Examination of his nasal and oral mucosae reveals widespread involvement. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Leishmaniasis (braziliensis)

47
Q

Chlamydia Rx

A

Azithromycin or doxycyclin

48
Q

Which antibiotic is unsafe to drink alcohol with

A

Metronidazole

49
Q

Investigations for using terbinafine

A

All patients need LFTs checking before commencing terbinafine and 4-6 weeks into treatment. Treatment should be ceased (or not commenced) if there is derangement.

50
Q

Genital wart treatment

for multiple, non-keratinised warts:

A

Topical podophyllum

51
Q

Atypical lymphocytes suggests?

A

Glandular fever

52
Q

mechanism of action of clotrimazole

A

Alters cell wall production

53
Q

Malaise, flushing, low BP, tachycardia. all for few hours after IM Benzylpenicillin

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction is sometimes seen following treatment. Fever, rash, tachycardia after first dose of antibiotic. It is thought to be due to the release of endotoxins following bacterial death and typically occurs within a few hours of treatment.

54
Q

Antibiotic for human bite

A

Co-amoxiclav

55
Q

Antibiotic for campylobacter

A

Clarythromycin

56
Q

The incubation period of Ebola virus is

A

2-21 days

Pathology (8 decks)

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