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Pathology > Chem Path BB > Flashcards

Chem Path BB Flashcards

1
Q

Viral hepatitis genome types

A 
Hep A = +ssRNA
Heb B = dsDNA
Hep C = +ssRNA
Hep D = -ssRNA
Hep E = +ssRNA
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2
Q

A liver enzyme raised after a myocardial infarction

A

Alkaline Phosphatase

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3
Q

1) APTT measures effect of what drug and pathway

2_ PT measures…

A

APTT: Heparin, intrinsic pathway
PT: warfarin, extrinsic pathway

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4
Q

Varies with posture when sample is taken.

A

albumin

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5
Q

varies with exercise

A

creatine kinase

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6
Q

medication for respiratory condition, causes heart attacks

A

Theophylline

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7
Q

Phase i of metabolism of lipid soluble drugs

A

cytochrome P450 oxidation

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8
Q

Features of digoxin toxicity

A

arrhythmia: the most common arrhythmias are ventricular extrasystoles, ventricular bigeminy / trigeminy and atrial tachycardia with complete heart block

anorexia, nausea and vomiting and occasionally, diarrhoea

confusion especially in the elderly

yellow vision (xanthopsia), blurred vision and photophobia

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9
Q

Decreased excretion, increased plasma concentration and increased risk of toxicity may occur when this taken in conjunction with thiazide diuretics

A

Lithium

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10
Q

Symptoms of under treatment and toxicity may be similar

A

Digoxin

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11
Q

Is ototoxic and nephrotoxic

A

Gentamycin

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12
Q

peak and trough levels should be taken

A

Gentamycin

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13
Q

urine test was found to be positive for 6-MAM

A

Heroin

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14
Q

agressive, paranoid, heart racing, then dead.

A

cocaine

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15
Q

Breakdown products of cocaine

A

EME = ecgonine methyl ester

BE = benzoylecgonine

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16
Q

accidentally ingested liquid paraquat. Rx?

A

activated charcoal

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17
Q

Carbon monoxide poisoning Rx:

A

Hyperbaric O2

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18
Q

massive overdose of atenolol.

A

IV atropine, then glucagon if needed

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19
Q

Which of the above techniques can be used to test for benzodiazepines and various antipsychotic drugs?

A

Liquid chromatography

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20
Q

Which can look for all the classes of drugs of abuse

A

Immunoassay

21
Q

Which drug is found in the most addict related deaths?

A

morphine

22
Q

Hypovolaemic with urinary Na+<10 mmol/L

A

vomiting

23
Q

Hypotension with urinary Na+>20 mmol/L

A

Diuretic excess

24
Q

Hypervolaemic with urinary Na+>20 mmol/L

A

Chronic renal failure

25
Q

Prev. congestive heart failure, likely cause of hypokalaemia

A

Diuretic use

26
Q

Cortisol suppressed only by HIGH dose dex suppression test

A

Cushing’s DISEASE

27
Q

The commonest enzyme deficiency seen in CAH

A

21 hydroxylase deficiency

28
Q

Levels of this steroid are raised in the serum of CAH patients

A

17 hydroxyprogesterone

29
Q

Increased levels are seen in the urine of CAH patients

A

pregnanetriol

30
Q

A good indicator of renal function

A

Serial creatinine readings

31
Q

Renal complications of ACEi

A

Renal artery stenosis

32
Q

Useful in staging and monitoring treatment of extracapsular spread of prostatic carcinoma

A

Acid phosphatase

33
Q

Raised in active sarcoidosis

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

34
Q

Which enzyme rapidly rises post myocardial infarction but then rapidly declines and is a useful marker of reinfarction?

A

Creatine kinase MB

35
Q

Following chemotherapy (for Hodgkin’s lymphoma?) which enzyme would you expect to be elevated?

A

LDH

36
Q

Organophosphate poisoning, what is raised

A

Plasma cholinesterase

37
Q

SCID is frequently caused by a deficiency in which enzyme?

A

Adenosine deaminase

38
Q

McArdle’s glycogen storage disease (type V), which enzyme deficiency

A

Mycophosphorylase

39
Q

Which enzyme deficiency in Fabry’s

A

Galactosidase A

40
Q

south-east asian, difficulty seeing in dark, kidney stones

A

Vit A deficiency

41
Q

Askanazy cells

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

42
Q

young man, stridor, multi-nodular goitre

A

simple colloid goitre

43
Q

Tender goitre, unvaccinated child

A

Giant cell thyroiditis (This IS the same as De queverain’s)

44
Q

Recommended therapy used in an attack of acute intermittent porphyria,

A

Haem arginate

45
Q

Drug that can result in chronic porphyria

A

alcohol

46
Q

Neurotoxic product(s) of heme breakdown producing neurovisceral damage in certain porphyrias

A

5-aminolevulinic acid

47
Q

Autosomal dominantly inherited (or spontaneous mutation) porphyria with cutaneous manifestations only, resulting from uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency

A

porphyria cutanea tarda

48
Q

Product(s) of heme breakdown resulting in photosensitivity (i.e. cutaneous) damage in certain porphyrias

A

activated porphyrins and oxygen free radicals

Pathology (8 decks)

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