Haematology Flashcards
isolated thrombocytopenia and previous viral URTI
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Lymphocytosis in 70 year old, unremarkable clinical examination, lethargic for 2 weeks
CLL
Drug that can cause aplastic anaemia
Phenytoin
Management for isolated pyrexia during blood transfusion
Regular (15min) obs, needs no Rx in itself but requires monitoring for more serious complications
The transfusion threshold (Hb) for patients with ACS
80g/l
transfusion of unirradiated blood in immunosupressed patients can cause
Graft Versus Host Disease (Can occur 4-30 DAYS after transfusion)
Platelet transfusion threshold
10 x 10^9 for patients not bleeding or having an invasive procedure- except where CI or alternative treatments for their condition
Contraindications for platelet transfusion
TTP (give corticosteroids or other immune modulators)
combination of low platelet counts and raised FDP (fibrin degradation products)
DIC
What is the mechanism of action of Dabigatran?
Direct thrombin inhibitor
PT/APTT in VwD
PT is normal, APTT is prolonged
major criteria determining the use of cryoprecipitate in bleeding
low fibrinogen level
no.1 test to confirm haemolytic transfusion reaction
Direct Coombe’s test
lymphoma (lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma) producing excess IgM
Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinaemia
How long before operation should oral contraceptive be stopped
4 weeks
Mechanism of action of anti-coagulants
Rivaroxaban is a direct factor Xa inhibitor. Apixaban is also a direct factor Xa inhibitor.
Dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor.
Heparin activates antithrombin III.
Warfarin inhibits clotting factors II, VII, IX and X.
the most common form of lymphoma in the UK
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
used for the emergency reversal of anticoagulation in patients with severe bleeding or a head injury
prothrombin comlpex concentrate
recommended treatment for post-thrombotic syndrome
compression stockings
raised ESR and osteoporosis
multiple myeloma until proven otherwise
Myelodysplasia may progress to
AML
Acute haemolytic transfusion reaction should be treated with…
Permanent transfusion termination, generous saline resusitation and inform the lab
First line treatment for neutropenic sepsis
Tazocin IV
Haemarthrosis without trauma
Haemophilia A or B
A ‘rouleaux formation’
a stacking of red blood cells seen in a blood film. It is characteristic of a myeloma.
