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Y1 Principles > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What antibiotics act on cell walls

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Glycopeptides

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2
Q

What antibiotics act on protein synthesis

A 
Macrolides 
Aminoglycosides 
Cindamycin 
Chloramphenicol 
Tetracyclines
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3
Q

What antibiotics act on bacterial DNA

A

Metronidazole

Fluoroquinolones

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4
Q

What are the 4 Cs causing C diff

A

Co-amoxiclav
Cephalasporins
Cindamycin
Ciproflaxin

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5
Q

What makes up a virus

A

RNA/DNA
protein coat
+/- lipid envelope

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6
Q

What makes up bacteria

A

RNA + DNA
Cell membrane
Cell wall (peptoglycan)

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7
Q

What colour to gram positive organisms stain

A

PURPLE

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8
Q

What colour do gram negative organisms stain

A

PINK

n=n

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9
Q

What is pathogenicity

A

Ability of an organism to produce disease

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10
Q

What is the degree of pathogenicity of an organism called

A

Virulence

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11
Q

How is a fever caused

A

Antigen enters
Macrophages release cytokines in response
Cytokines travel to the ANTERIOR hyperthalmus
Prostaglandin E is produced
This increases the thermal set point causing a fever

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12
Q

What are the 5Is of infection

A 
Inhalation 
Ingestion 
Inoculation 
Mother to Infant 
Intercourse
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13
Q

what is DNA transformation

A

DNA released from dead bacteria can be taken up by living bacteria

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14
Q

what is DNA conjugation

A

one bacteria transfers genetic info to the other via direct contact
Bacteria use this to pass on resistant genes

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15
Q

What is virus transaction

A

Transfer of foreign DNA into a cell by a virus

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16
Q

What enzymes can destroy antibiotics

A

Beta-lactamase
Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)
Carbapenenmase (CPE)

17
Q

What is beta-lactamase

A

provide resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins
Co-amoxiclav is resistant to beta-lactamase

18
Q

What is extended spectrum beta-lactamase

A

Provide resistance against all penicillins, all cephalosporins AND carbapenems

19
Q

What are bacterial mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics

A

Altering antibiotic binding sites
Changes to the cell wall porins making them impermeable to antibiotics
Upregulation of reflux pumps remove the antibiotic from the cell

20
Q

What antibiotic are all coliform sensitive to

A

Gentamicin

21
Q

What antibiotic are all anaerobes sensitive to

A

Metronidazole

22
Q

What drugs are given for CAP and why 2

A

Amoxicillin/doxyxycline
Metronidazole

cover a wide range of organisms

23
Q

Why are 4 drugs given in TB and what are they

A

Rifampicin
Isoniazide
Pryazinimide
Ethanbutol

to try and reduce resistance

Y1 Principles (8 decks)

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