GI biochem need to know Flashcards
Where does fatty acid synthesis occur
In the cytoplasm
How are fatty acids activated
By the addition of fatty acyl-CoA
What is beta oxidation
The pathway for the breakdown of fatty acids
Where does fatty acid breakdown occur
Mitochondrial matrix
What are the products of each beta oxidation cycle
1 Acetyl-CoA
1 FADH2
1 NADH + H+
1 fatty acyl-CoA (shortened by 2 carbon atoms)
What are ketone bodies
Formed in the liver mitochondria under fasting conditions from acetyl-CoA from Beta oxidation
Diffuse into blood stream and peripheral tissues
Important for energy metabolism
Example of a ketone body
Acetone
What is fatty acid synthesis
process drives lipogenesis
Where does fatty acid synthesis occur
The liver
What generates Acetyl-CoA
Glucose
What enzyme converts acetyl CoA to malonyl-CoA
Carboxylase
What is a fatty acid synthesis precursor
Malonyl-CoA
How is acetyl-coA carboxylase regulated
Insulin signals in fed state and stimulates storage of fuels and synthesis of proteins
Glucagon signals in starved state and inhibits release
Citrate is the regulator
Where is urea synthesis
The liver
Where do the carbon and nitrogens from the urea cycle come from
Carbon from CO2
Nitrogen from aspartic acid
Nitrogen from free ammonium
