Microbiology Flashcards
What organisms would you use a Giemsa stain? How about a Ziehl-Neelson stain?
Blood organisms
Mycobacteria
What is commonly used to label antibodies?
Flurescein or horseradish peroxidase
How do neutralization/inhibition assays work?
They cause a loss of infectivity through reaction of virus with specific antibodies (Ab prevents release of viral genome)
What are some methods for detecting nucleic acids?
PCR
High throughput nucleic acid sequencing
How might one detect an immune response?
Measure Ab concentrations
Look for a cell-mediated immune response
Gross pathological or histopathological changes
What are Koch’s postulates?
Must be found in lesions of disease
Be isolated in pure culture on artificial media
Be experimentally reproducible
Removed from lesions in experimentally induced lesions
What’s the difference between disinfectants and sterilisers?
Disinfectant: removal of potential infectivity (bacteriocidal)
Ster: limitation of all viable organisms
What are some characteristics of endospores?
Impervious to stains
Resistant to heat, drying, disinfectants and radiation
No metabolic activity
Eg. Bacillus and clostridium species
What are some examples of nosocomial infections?
MRSA
Parvovirus
What is viral uncoating?
The process of making viral genes available for transcription
How to enveloped viruses get their envelope?
Via budding through the plasma, cytoplasmic or nuclear membranes
What are leucotoxins?
Toxins that disrupt the phago-lysosome
How may viruses spread through a host?
Locally
Haematogenously
Neural spread
Tissue invasion
What are some examples of vertical transmission?
Across placenta, through colostrum, in birth canal
What are some examples of horizontal transmission?
Direct contact, indirect contact, common vehicle transmission, airborne transmission, arthropod-borne transmission, iatrogenic transmission, nosocomial transmission, zoonotic transmission
