Microbiology Flashcards
amoxicillin
safe in pregnancy?
what is it useful for treating?
safe in pregnancy
useful for enterococcus faecalis
Trimethoprim what does it inhibit? safe in pregnancy? what is there a risk of? what is it good for treating?
inhibits folic acid synthesis
should be avoided in 1st trimester because low levels of folic acid in early pregnancy are related to neural tube defects such as spina bifida
small risk of SJS when given as co-trimoxazole
good for male UTI because treats prostate infection
when should nitrofurantoin be avoided?
in late pregnancy, breast feeding and in kids less than 3 m
gentamicin safe in pregnancy? what is there a risk of? how is it administered? how long can it be given for? when is it effective?
avoid in pregnancy
risk of toxicity to CN VIII and kidneys
admin IV so has to be given in hospital
MAX 3 DAYS and check blood levels 6-14 hrs after first dose
v effective in severe gram negative (coliforms) sepsis
temocillin
useful characteristic?
when is it useful?
very beta lactamase stable
useful in complicated UIT/urosepsis when patients renal function is too poor for gentamicin
pivmecillinm
useful characteristic?
safe in pregnancy?
very beta lactamase stable
not recommended in pregnancy
cefalexin
risk of what?
what does it treat?
risk of C DIFF and recurrence of UTI post treatment
treats most coliforms and staph aureus
what does co-moxiclav contain?
safe in pregnancy?
associated with what?
what does it treat?
amoxicillin and clavulanic acid - a beta lactamase inhibitor
safe in pregnancy
assoc with C DIFF
treats most coliforms, staph aureus and enterococci
name the only anti pseudomonal antibiotic
when is it not used?
what is it associated with?
CIPROFLOXACIN = only anti pseudomonal antibiotic
not used in young kids or pregnant women
assoc with C DIFF
commonest cause of UTI?
E coli
what bacteria is associated with stones and has a foul smell?
proteus
what bacteria affects women of child bearing age commonly?
saprophyticus
what bacteria is associated with catheterisation and UT instrumentation?
what is it treated with?
pseudomonas aeruginosa
resistant to most but can be treated with ciprofloxacin (which has a risk of c diff)
what is the kass criteria?
more than 10x5 = probable UTI
less than 10x3 = insignificant
10x4 - repeat
how long do boric acid containers work for
24 hrs
