Microbiology Flashcards
1
Q
A grapelike odor with tissue color change to blue-green pus in a burn victim indicates:
A
Pseudomonas
2
Q
The mating process of one gram negative bacteria to another, involving the pilus is called
A
conjugation
3
Q
In 1928 the foundation for modern molecular genetics began by his discovery of transformation in bacteria:
A
Griffith
4
Q
Which of the following hypersensitivity reactions would indicate transfusion rejection
A
Type 2
5
Q
MacKonkey’s agar contains
A
Lactose and neutral dye
6
Q
Which medium is best used to grow a virus:
A
tissue culture
7
Q
Staph Aureus physical characteristics:
A
cluster-like
8
Q
Gram positive bacteria that causes impetigo:
A
staphylococcus
9
Q
Pt with grayish pseudomembrane across the lumen of the throat has:
A
diphtheria (Shick Test)
10
Q
Female with foul smelling vaginal discharge has:
A
trichomonas
11
Q
Necator americanus can be transmitted through:
A
walking on fecal infested sand barefoot.
it is a hookworm – keep your shoes on because it will go through skin
12
Q
Secondary stage of treponema pallidum:
A
generalized rash
13
Q
Sporothrix schenckii is transmitted primarily:
A
transcutaneously
14
Q
Plasmodium vivax vector:
A
mosquito
15
Q
Lyme disease bacteria:
A
borrelia burgdorferia
16
Q
Anal cellophane scotch tape test: used to see if your pt has contracted
A
enterobious bermicularis
17
Q
Most common sexually transmitted dx:
A
chlamydia
18
Q
Funding for research is the primary responsibility of:
A
NIH
19
Q
Which intracellular protozoa causes a 33% of brain damage:
A
Toxoplasma gondii
20
Q
Which immunoglobulin readily crosses the placenta:
A
IgG
21
Q
Which polio vaccine is live and attenuated?
A
Sabin
22
Q
Mothers milk can best be described:
A
natural passive immunity
23
Q
Which colliforms causes pneumonia with a red current jelly sputum:
A
klebsiella
24
Q
Dental carries are primarily caused by:
A
streptococcus mutans
25
Which can be prevented by wearing shoes:
Necator americanus
26
Osteomyelitis is caused by gram positive what:
staphylococcus Aureus
27
Diarrhea, fatigue and weight loss over three days?
Giardia lamblia
28
Tertiary stage of treponema pallidum:
Gumma
29
Salmonella is most commonly found in:
poultry and eggs
30
The major fungal infection is associated with pigeon roosts:
torulosis
31
Orchitis in males and oophoritis in a female is a common sign of:
mumps
32
Gram positive bacteria which can cause wool-sorters disease:
bacillus anthracis
33
Pt has been bitten by a rabid dog. What type of intracellular inclusion will the pathologist be looking for:
negri bodies
34
Cysticercosis is caused by:
ingestion of pork tapeworm eggs
35
The MMR vaccine is:
Genetically altered
36
Which of the following infections are frequent to the infant population due to a failed antibody response by injection of purified capsular polysaccharide:
H. influenza type B, pneumococci, meningiococci
37
Prions
Mad Cow Disease (Crutzfiled Jacob
38
```
Interleukin 1 associate with
2 t cells
gamma globulins b cells
Interferon cell infected with virus to release chemicals to protect other cells
Varicella or Herpes Zoster
```
Macrophage
39
Interleukin 2 associate with
T cells
40
HPV3 rocky mounted spotted fever
| rash originates on which part of the body
Wrist and ankles
41
Staph is STOIC
| 5 Diseases by Staph Aureus
```
Scalded skin syndrome
Toxic Shock
Osteomyelitis
Impetigo (#1 cause)
- infection of child around the mouth
-"honey crusted lesion around the mouth"
Carbuncles
-Many furnucles (infected hair follicles)
"A CARload of furnucles
```
42
6 Common Diseases by Strep Pyogenes
SERGIS
```
Strep Throat
Erysipelas
-aka Saint Anthony's Fire
-superficial chelitis
Rheumatic Fever
"Can Sammy Suck Ethy's Polyp's"
```
```
Carditis
Syndeham Chorea
Subcutaneous Nodule
Erythema Marginatum
Migratory Polyarthritis
```
Glomerulonephritis
Impetigo (Strep Pyongenes # 2 Cause)
Scarlet Fever
43
Streptococcus pyogenes aka-hemolytic strep
group A Lancefield
44
Which of the following is associated with Rheumatic Fever?
Aschoff Bodies
45
A mannitol salt augar is used for ______________.
Staphylococcus
46
Deoxyribonuclease in a medium inhibits ___________.
Transformation
47
Which of the following are negri bodies seen in?
Rabies
48
Which of the following is an advantage of passive immunity?
Rapid availability of protection
49
Which of the following release interleukin 2?
T-lymphocytes
50
chronic osteomyelitis infection
Brodie’s abscess
51
African sleeping sickness
Trypanisoma gambienese
-transmitted by
tetsi fly
52
Kala Azar disease
| -Leishmaniasis donovani
transmitted by sand fly
53
Antigen used in the wheel felix test
Proteus Vulgaris
54
Malaria
-Plasmodium
-
transmitted by female Anopheles mosquito
55
Yellow fever
- Walter Reed did work on this disease
- transmitted by Ades aegypti _____________
mosquito
56
most common hookworm in North America
Necator Americanis
57
most common round worm
Ascariasis lumbicoides
58
Chagas disease
- Trepanosomi Cruzi
- transmitted by
Reduvid bug (aka kissing bug)
59
most common cause of PIV (pelvic inflammatory disease – aka salpingitis
Chlamydia trichomatis
60
Rice water stools
Cholera
* Massive dehydration
61
Largest Immunoglobin
IgM (dimeric, heaviest, largest and fewest in number)
62
ALL Vaccines are going to be
Artificial passive
63
Blue/green pus
Pseudomonas
64
Red pus
Serratia Mtarcenscens
65
Rat fleas
Caused Bubonic plague
66
Yellow pus
Staph Aureus
67
Yellow/green
Gonorrhea
68
Funding/Research
NIH
69
What do neutrophils, macrophages, and monocytes have in common?
Phagocytosis
70
Basophils, mast cells, and eosinophils, NKC, complement proteins and tumor cells all release
inflammatory mediators
71
Basophils differentiate into mast cells, which release what?
(3 things)
Histamine, Heparin and Bradykinin
72
Brucella founf in hymus.
unpastuerized milk
73
In our innate immune systems macrophages start as ___________, presenting cells , The APC presents the foreign substance to the _____-cells, which are derived from the Thymus.
antigen presenting cells (APC)
| T-cells
74
Macrophages secrete ________ that activates t- helper cells and cytotoxic t cells
cytokines
75
NK cells can _________________ pathogens
inactivate
76
The adaptive immune system has 3 main types. What are they
Killer T cells
Helper T cells
Regulatory T cells
77
Killer T cells kill
virus infected cells
78
Helper T cells help with
1.
2. Secretes cytokines _________ and Interferon gamma
3. Activates helper and Killer T cells adn kills
antigen recognizement (helper) and regulation (supressor)
Interleukin 2
Pathogen or Tumor cell
79
Regulatory t cells heapaplps other t cells keep
under control
80
Viruses contain RNA or DNA not
Both
81
Viruses must have ahost and is covered by a ____ shell or _______
shell or capsis
82
Respiratory viruses
Adeno, Echo, Rhino, Influenza
83
Digestive
Hepatitis, Mumps, Roatvirus
84
Systemic with lesions
Measeles, Rubella, herpes I and II
85
CNS viruses include
Polio, Rabies Encephalitis
86
bacteria is gram + (blue) ______or -
Aerobic or _________________
Motile or ___________________
Free living, saprophytic, parasitic or ________
gram (red)
Non aerobic
Non motile
Pathogenic
87
Antibody binds to the antigen at the
epitope
88
HCP complex presents the ___ for t-cells to see them
Histocompalability Complex Protein has two types
Antigen
Class 1 and 2
89
Class 1 informs T-cells whats going on _______ the cell and is located on the surface most cells in the body
INSIDE
90
Class 2 is made by _______ and informs t-cells about whats going on Outside the cell.
APC's i.e. macrophages
91
Opsonization prepare to
"eat"
92
How do Viruses spread
Respiratory
93
The only RNA double stranded virus is called
Reoviridae
94
IgA is the secretory antibody found in the mucosa and
| breast milk ---natural _______ immuity
intestines
| natural passive immunity
95
IgD helps
IgG
96
IgE
________ infections
Alelrgic reactions
____ 's in Hodgkin's Disease (Reed-Sternberg Cells)
parasitic infections
allergic rxns
Increases
97
IgG is the first to ____ after secondary exposure.
| Crosses the
Increase
placenta
"Anamnestic response" without amnesia
98
The serology ts used to tests for Ricketssia diseases is called
weil felizx test
99
All Rickettsia disease test positive for WF test, spread by arthopods and
Cociella virella
100
IgM
_______responder
Largest and _____ in number
First (early) exposure
| (2nd) Fewest in number
101
Interleukines are chemicals produced by cells.
IL-1 = lymphocyte _______ factor
made by ________ for brain and _______ tissue
IL-1 Lymphocyte Activating Factor, made by macrophages
| for brain and nervous tissue
102
IL-2
_____-cell Growth Factor
made by ______ -4 cells
T-cell GF
| CD-4 (Y-helper cell)
103
IL-3 is made by the big
Bone Marrow
104
Cytokines are non_____ proteins released be cells upn contact with a specifc antigen.
Antibody proteins
105
Lymphkines is a type of cytokine that _____ lymphocytes make to attract macrophages to the _________
via _____________
T-lymphocytes
Site of infection
Interferon
106
GRAM STAINING
| 1st step Crystal Violet as ______ or methyl blue
Primary Stain
107
2nd step
Iodine (Fixer aka Mordant)
108
Step 3 to _________ or Wash the slide
Decolorize or Wash the Slide
109
Step 4 Counterstain with
Saffarin
110
Function of the cell wall is for
protection
111
Gram + cell wall is very thick and includes
Peptidglycogen
112
A virus capsid is made of
protein
113
Which is Catalase positive?
ALL Staph organisms
114
__________ is used to differentiate Staph Aureus from Staph Epidermis or any other Staph variant
Coagulase Test
115
Acid fast
Mycobacterium (Ziel Nelson)
116
Blood Agar summarizes _________________
streptococcus by demonstrating different types of hemilysis
117
Alpha = ______ hemolysis (green)
partial
- Strep Pneumonia
- Strep viridans (SBE-Subactue Bacterial Endocarditis)
118
Beta = ________ hemolysis (clear)
COMPLETE, beta is BAD
| - Strep Pyogenes (SERGIS)
119
complement system is used to enhance
Phagocytosis
120
C5b-C5p is the
MAC ATTACK
121
The classical pathway ______ on for activation
antibody so its antibody dependent
122
```
Hyper sensitivity:
I - 1
AM - 2
IT 3
4
```
I ------- Immediate hypersensitivity - IgE, Mast Cell, basophils, hay fever, FAST,
II ------ Antibody mediated - IgG, IgM, cause cell lysis
Cells: NKC and phagocytes
1. Blood group incompatibility
2. PERNICOUS ANEMIA
3. Myastheia gravis
III ------ Immune Complex mediated
Circulating Antibody/Antigen comlexes, Vasculitis
Antibody mediated inflammation
SLE, RA, serum sickness, Rheumatic Fever ed
IV----- T-Cell Mediated
1. delay
2. Infections, Dermatitis
123
Chocolate Agar aka heated blood or Thayer MArtin
Gonorrhea
124
Gamma hemolysis ____ reaction with a red ring
No reaction
| Strep. Mutans
125
Number of new cases
Incidence
126
grey pseudo membrane
Diptheria
127
Most effective type of sterilization
high temperature at high pressure
| AUTOCLAVING
128
Total # of cases
Prevalence
129
when you disinfect?
you kill the pathogenic bacteria
| i.e. pasteurizing milk
130
Sanitation defined t
to make it clean or healthy
131
Endemic
small number of cases in specific location
132
Pandemic
more than expected number of cases worldwide
133
Aka's for Type 1 Hypersensitivity
Allergic; immediate; anaphyliactic
134
Aka's for Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Cell-Mediated; Cytotoxic
a) complement dependent, where cell killing is mediated by the MAC or phagocytosis;
(b) antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxic; where killing is mediated by direct lysis by NK cells;
(c) antibody-mediated cellular dysfunction; where antibodies interfere with normal biological function.
135
Aka's for Type 3 Hypersensitivity
Immune complex
136
Aka's for Type 4 Hypersensitivity
And its 2 Associated cell types
Delayed-type, cell mediated
Cells: CD4+ T helper cells (subtype 1), CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, monocytes, macrophages
137
Parts of the Worm
Scolex aka ______
Neck has regenerative _________
Segments aka
Head
Capabilities
Progloddis
138
HAy fever is casued by proteins from _______ or ________
molds or spores
139
Allergic individualsM are classified ______ and make large amounts of IgE
Atopic Asthma
140
Myasthenia Gravis has antibodies that bind to the ______ for AcH
receptors
attack takes place at the myoneural junction \
Dbl vision
Diplopia
141
IN RA IgM and IgGantibodies activate
macrophages
142
Lupus affects 250, 000 people and ___% of women
90%
caused by breakdown of B and T cells that make the igG antibodies
```
Inflammation of lungs
Arthritis
Kidney Damage
Hair Loss
Paralysis
```
Red facial rash , MALAR, Red wolf rash, Butterfly rash
143
DiGoerges syndorme _____ is missing
Thymus
So no B cells or T cells!!!!!!
144
Salk killed the _______ virus with the help of __________________
Polio
| Formaldehyde
145
Sabin in LIVE and `
Attenuated
146
Infections, Dermatitis, Graft Rejections are example of tpye ___ Sensitivity Rxn
Type 4
147
Bacilli are ___ shaped
Rod
148
Cocci are ___ shaped
Spherical
149
Negro bodies in brain
Rabies
150
Reyes Syndrome
negative reaction to Aspirin taken for viral infection
151
Pneumocystis carinii
Number 1 fungal infection in AIDS patients
152
Toxoplasmosis
1 PARASITE INFECTION
153
Viral Hemagglutination Inhibiton Test is used to test for
Mononucleousus and influenza
154
CDC
Stats
155
NIH
Research
156
Dept. of Health
Licenses Chiropractors and other health related
157
Spirochetes is ___ shaped
Spiral
158
Spirilla is ___ shaped
Spring
159
Baaa Baa black sheep, have you any wool?
| Yes anthrax Full
Bacillus Anthracis
| "hooved animal"
160
4 Phases of Bacteria (Life Cycle)
Lag - slow gorwth
Log - constant fast growth
Stationary/Plateua - no growth
Death- no growth
161
uncooked pork
Trichanella spiralis
162
All Gram (+) bacteria have the suffix "US or UM" with one excpetion
being the gram(-) Haemophilus meningitis
BacillUS Anthracis
ClostridiUM BotuliUM
ClostridUM Tetani "rusty nail"
Stapholococcus Aureus "cluster like, grape like"
163
All gram (-) bacteria end with IA or A with the
exception of
Haemophilus meningitis
NeisserIA GonorrheA (copious exudate, THAYER MARTIN aka CHOCOLATE AGAR, diplo cocci-coffe bean shaped)
```
Psuedonomas AeruginosA
ShigellA (no fever)
LegionellA (lives in AC units)
Klebisela (red currat jelly like sputum
Vibrio CholerA (John Snow, comma shaped)
- Rice Water Stools
```
164
Chlamydia causes
Reiters, PID, ARTHRALGIA, and LYMPHGRANULOMA
165
Best test for Sphyllis is _____
FTA
Flourescent Treponomia Antibody
166
Community Aquired MSRA is dx'd _____ only to HIV
| Lungs look like ______ cheese
2nd to HIV
Swiss Cheese
167
Which WBC cell increases with viral infection
Lymphocytes
168
Prions are made up of protein ONLY no ___ or _____
DNA or RNA
Creutzfeld-Jakob's Disease
Note PRIONS have no immune repsonses and liek to HIDE from the body
169
Hep A
Oral / fecal (Kids)
170
HEP B
Blood
171
German Measles
RUBELLA
172
GUANERI bodies
small pox
173
Epstein Barr Virus
Infectious Mononucleosis
"atypical lymphocyte-down cell"
Dont let mono get you down
174
ELISA is greta for detectng HIV however ______ is confirmatory
WESTERN BLOT
175
Ebola Virus form Filovirdae family expresss itself with
| fever, sore throat, headache, and bleeding from the ____ and ______ leading to DEATH
ears and eyes
176
Papillomavirus (HPV) Papova
Condyloma, CERVICA-1L CARCINOMA (HPV 16 and 18)
177
West Nile Vector is
mosquito
178
HSV-1 transmited ____ and hides out in
orally hides out in V-ganglia
179
HSV-2 transmitted ____ and hides out in
genitalia
hides out in Sacral ganglia
180
HISTOPLASMOSIS aka
Ohio Valley Fever
181
Double Trip ----->
Whip
| Trichuris Trichura Whipworm
182
Enterobius Vermicularis aka
Pinworm
| Scotch tape test
183
If you pick a rose and yoru finger is injured from a thorn, which fungus should you be concerned about
SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII
184
EPA protects
air, water, and land
185
Serves the health needs of the underprivileged
Public Health Department
186
Coccidioidiomycosis aka
San Joaquin Valley Fever
187
Tinea capitis is ringworm of the
scalp
188
Tinea barbae is ringworm of the
beard
189
Tinea corporis is ringworm of the
body
190
Tinea pedis is ringworm of the
Foot
191
Tinea Cruris is ringworm of the
Groin
192
Tinea Unguium is ringworm of the
Nail
193
Taenia Saginata
Beef tapeworm
194
Taenia Solium
Pork tapeworm
195
Diphyllobothrium Latum
Fish Tapeworm
196
Hymenolepsis Nana
Dwarf Tapeworm
197
Schistomas are ______ Flukes
Blood
198
Paragonimus Westermani is a ______ _______
Lung Fluke
199
Nector Americanus Americans is a
hookworm
200
Trichinella Spiralis
Nematode (Intestinal)
201
Ascaris Lumbricoides
....
202
Enterobius Vermicularis
Pinworm
203
Respiratory Viruses
A E R I
Adeno
Echo
Rhino
Influenza
