Microbiology

Question 1

Spore formers

Answer 1

Bacillus and clostridium species

Question 2

Antigenic variation of neisseria comes from?

Answer 2

Pili

Question 3

Viral exposure to ether does what

Answer 3

Decreases the infectivity of enveloped viruses, has no effect on naked viruses

Question 4

Prevent GBS infection?

Answer 4

Intrapartum drugs like penicillin or ampicillin

Question 5

Which bacteria is PYR positive?

Answer 5

Group A strep (strep pyogenes), this test is being substituted for bacitracid

Question 6

Common cause of disorientation in the elderly?

Answer 6

urinary tract infection, especially due to BPH, diabetes (neurogenic bladder)

Question 7

How to treat pseudomonas

Answer 7

Cefepime, ceftazidine, aminoglycosides, cipro, levofloxacin

Question 8

Ecthyma gangrenosum

Answer 8

Black spots on skin from pseudomonas infeciton. Occurs in neutropenic states

Question 9

Congenital toxoplasmosis

Answer 9

Chorioretinitis, intracranial calcifications/seizures, hydrocephalus.

Question 10

Polyribitol ribose phosphate

Answer 10

The antigen that makes up the capsule of haemophilus influenzae, in Hib vaccine. Prevents epiglottitis

Question 11

How to culture neisseira?

Answer 11

On thayer martin VCN media (vancomycin colistin, nystatin) kills everything but neisseria. Very selective media

Question 12

How to treat malaria?

Answer 12

Start with chloroquine, then try primaquine for dormant forms, then meroquin.

Question 13

How to distinguish rubella from measles

Answer 13

Rubella and measles both have facial rash, but rubella has posterior cervical lymphadenopathy.

Question 14

Symptoms of measles

Answer 14

Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, koplic spots, rash development a few days later.

Question 15

Main cryptococcus illness in immunocompromised? How to treat

Answer 15

Meningitis. Treat with flucytosine and amphotericin, then protect with conazoles. Decreased glucose, increased protein, decreased cells. Cultured on sabauraud agar

Question 16

Can you get rheumatic fever after skin infection?

Answer 16

NOOOOOO

Question 17

Can hyaluronic acid in GAS capsule be immunogenic?

Answer 17

No, too similar to connective tissue

Question 18

M protein function?

Answer 18

In GAS, functions to inhibit phagocytosis and block complement

Question 19

How does N. meningitides get to meninges

Answer 19

Through blood, into choroid plexus.

Question 20

How does H.influenzae get into meninges?

Answer 20

Through lymphatics

Question 21

Must common cause of bacterial meningitis?

Answer 21

Strep pneumo. Neisseria only in teens

Question 22

Campylobacter

Answer 22

Fecal oral transmission, can be caught from domestic animals. Causes watery, then bloody diarrhea, can survive at 43 degrees. Causes reactive arthritis and guillain barre. Oxidase positive

Question 23

Intraabdominal infeciton bugs?

Answer 23

Bacterioides fragilis and ecoli

Question 24

Listeria intra or exta cellular?

Answer 24

Faculatative intracellular, cell mediated immunity to kill

Question 25

Where do herpes viruses get envelope?

Answer 25

From nuclear membrane! Because enveloped and DNA virus so replicates in nucleus

Question 26

Fidaxomicin

Answer 26

Used to treat recurrent C.Diff infections

Question 27

Hepatitis E

Answer 27

Naked RNA virus that can kill pregnant women

Question 28

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Answer 28

Caught from shellfish causes diarrhea.