Microbiology Flashcards
Spore formers
Bacillus and clostridium species
Antigenic variation of neisseria comes from?
Pili
Viral exposure to ether does what
Decreases the infectivity of enveloped viruses, has no effect on naked viruses
Prevent GBS infection?
Intrapartum drugs like penicillin or ampicillin
Which bacteria is PYR positive?
Group A strep (strep pyogenes), this test is being substituted for bacitracid
Common cause of disorientation in the elderly?
urinary tract infection, especially due to BPH, diabetes (neurogenic bladder)
How to treat pseudomonas
Cefepime, ceftazidine, aminoglycosides, cipro, levofloxacin
Ecthyma gangrenosum
Black spots on skin from pseudomonas infeciton. Occurs in neutropenic states
Congenital toxoplasmosis
Chorioretinitis, intracranial calcifications/seizures, hydrocephalus.
Polyribitol ribose phosphate
The antigen that makes up the capsule of haemophilus influenzae, in Hib vaccine. Prevents epiglottitis
How to culture neisseira?
On thayer martin VCN media (vancomycin colistin, nystatin) kills everything but neisseria. Very selective media
How to treat malaria?
Start with chloroquine, then try primaquine for dormant forms, then meroquin.
How to distinguish rubella from measles
Rubella and measles both have facial rash, but rubella has posterior cervical lymphadenopathy.
Symptoms of measles
Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, koplic spots, rash development a few days later.
Main cryptococcus illness in immunocompromised? How to treat
Meningitis. Treat with flucytosine and amphotericin, then protect with conazoles. Decreased glucose, increased protein, decreased cells. Cultured on sabauraud agar
Can you get rheumatic fever after skin infection?
NOOOOOO
Can hyaluronic acid in GAS capsule be immunogenic?
No, too similar to connective tissue
M protein function?
In GAS, functions to inhibit phagocytosis and block complement
How does N. meningitides get to meninges
Through blood, into choroid plexus.
How does H.influenzae get into meninges?
Through lymphatics
Must common cause of bacterial meningitis?
Strep pneumo. Neisseria only in teens
Campylobacter
Fecal oral transmission, can be caught from domestic animals. Causes watery, then bloody diarrhea, can survive at 43 degrees. Causes reactive arthritis and guillain barre. Oxidase positive
Intraabdominal infeciton bugs?
Bacterioides fragilis and ecoli
Listeria intra or exta cellular?
Faculatative intracellular, cell mediated immunity to kill
