Embryology U World

Question 1

Imperforate anus usually found with…

Answer 1

genitourinary dysfunction

Question 2

Hirschsprung disease

Answer 2

Faulty migration of neural crest cells to the colon. No plexi. Most commonly to the rectum, involves sigmoid in about 75%. Causes meconium ileus, bloating, and bilous vomiting

Question 3

MEN2A

Answer 3

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pheochromocytomas, parathyroid tumors

Question 4

MEN2B

Answer 4

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pheochromocytomas, mucosal neuromas.

Question 5

What pouch do C cells come from?

Answer 5

4th pouch

Question 6

Diabetic retinopathy finding in capillaries?

Answer 6

Loss of pericytes.

Question 7

Pancreas divisum

Answer 7

Failure of dorsal and ventral pancreas buds.

Question 8

Rotation of midgut, what happens if wrong

Answer 8

Herniates at week 6, at week 10 rotates 270 degrees around SMA counterclockwise back into abdomen. If wrong, cecum can end up in RUQ with fibrous bands (Ladd bands), which can cause volvulus and obstruction.

Question 9

Cleft lip due to

Answer 9

Medial nasal prominences don’t fuse with maxillary prominence

Question 10

Choanal atresia

Answer 10

Bone development obstructs nasal passage

Question 11

True diverticulum

Answer 11

Includes all 3 layers, mucosa/submucosa/muscle

Meckel’s diverticulum (most others are false)

Question 12

Phase of meiosis before fertilization after ovulation?

Answer 12

Metaphase II

Sits in prophase I before ovulation

Question 13

Triple test

Answer 13

Test mother from 16-18 weeks, looking for alpha fetoprotein, estriol, and HCG. If abnormal, do an ultrasound. If ultrasound is normal, do an amnio.

Question 14

AFP in utero

Answer 14

Increases as fetal age increases. Most common reason for elevation of alphafetoprotein is dating error. Also increases with neural tube defects, multiple gestation, gastroschisis/omphalocele.

Decreases with down syndrome.

Question 15

Estriol

Answer 15

Marker of placental/fetal function

Question 16

HCG

Answer 16

Made by trophoblasts to tell corpus luteum to secrete progesterone. Marker increased with multiple gestations hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma

Question 17

Which pancreatic bud creates main pancreatic duct? Uncinate process?

Answer 17

Ventral bud, which sits inferior to dorsal.